{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1908388707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.11-11-03456.1991","title":"The monaural nuclei of the lateral lemniscus in an echolocating bat: parallel pathways for analyzing temporal features of sound","display_name":"The monaural nuclei of the lateral lemniscus in an echolocating bat: parallel pathways for analyzing temporal features of sound","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1908388707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.11-11-03456.1991","mag":"1908388707","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1941092","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6575535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.11-11-03456.1991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.11-11-03456.1991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.11-11-03456.1991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5555990","display_name":"Journal of Neuroscience","issn_l":"0270-6474","issn":["0270-6474","1529-2401"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319739","host_organization_name":"Society for Neuroscience","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319739"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Neuroscience"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.11-11-03456.1991","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014540459","display_name":"Ellen Covey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4239-2228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4239-2228"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Covey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111642363","display_name":"John H. Casseday","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JH Casseday","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2963,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":217,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9734788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"11","first_page":"3456","last_page":"3470"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11228","display_name":"Bat Biology and Ecology Studies","score":0.926800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11228","display_name":"Bat Biology and Ecology Studies","score":0.926800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10334","display_name":"Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics","score":0.05169999971985817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10788","display_name":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","score":0.010400000028312206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lateral-lemniscus","display_name":"lateral lemniscus","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echolocating-bats","display_name":"echolocating bats","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eptesicus-fuscus","display_name":"Eptesicus fuscus","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-tuning","display_name":"frequency tuning","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spontaneous-activity","display_name":"spontaneous activity","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-latency","display_name":"response latency","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/onset-detection","display_name":"onset detection","score":0.4129999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1817033","display_name":"Lateral lemniscus","level":4,"score":0.916297972202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775980177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358512","display_name":"Inferior colliculus","level":3,"score":0.8580546975135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33612138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82654","display_name":"Tonotopy","level":3,"score":0.8488496541976929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102894143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323979","display_name":"Monaural","level":2,"score":0.7837798595428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6777336001396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777662796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387776","display_name":"Cochlear nucleus","level":3,"score":0.6035708785057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5651105642318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780723820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934178","display_name":"Nucleus","level":2,"score":0.5579198598861694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778037994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3881782","display_name":"Superior olivary complex","level":4,"score":0.5058583617210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908854177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358512","display_name":"Inferior Colliculi","level":4,"score":0.46623513102531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4503900706768036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910949272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301254","display_name":"Eptesicus fuscus","level":2,"score":0.4204801619052887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776178378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7835580","display_name":"Trapezoid body","level":3,"score":0.4187335968017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68236139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765652","display_name":"Sound localization","level":2,"score":0.4155009090900421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18676","display_name":"Auditory cortex","level":2,"score":0.38101667165756226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3313227891921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2648317813873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.18567433953285217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000161","descriptor_name":"Acoustic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001306","descriptor_name":"Auditory Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001306","descriptor_name":"Auditory Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002685","descriptor_name":"Chiroptera","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004455","descriptor_name":"Echolocation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011149","descriptor_name":"Pons","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011149","descriptor_name":"Pons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013016","descriptor_name":"Sound","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.11-11-03456.1991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.11-11-03456.1991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.11-11-03456.1991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5555990","display_name":"Journal of Neuroscience","issn_l":"0270-6474","issn":["0270-6474","1529-2401"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319739","host_organization_name":"Society for Neuroscience","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319739"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Neuroscience"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5770560","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6575535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:1941092","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1941092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6575535","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6575535/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.11-11-03456.1991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.11-11-03456.1991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.11-11-03456.1991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5555990","display_name":"Journal of Neuroscience","issn_l":"0270-6474","issn":["0270-6474","1529-2401"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319739","host_organization_name":"Society for Neuroscience","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319739"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Neuroscience"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4205479618","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DC 287","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5007886856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DC 607","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhx6838"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012105635","https://openalex.org/W2416321393","https://openalex.org/W2005021596","https://openalex.org/W2418465650","https://openalex.org/W2049692173","https://openalex.org/W2034495509","https://openalex.org/W2086589803","https://openalex.org/W2007508005","https://openalex.org/W4235050988","https://openalex.org/W2331193907"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,250,263],"echolocating":[1],"bats,":[2],"three":[3,101],"cell":[4,22,34],"groups":[5,23],"in":[6,73,128,157,201,211,259,288],"the":[7,25,41,49,58,74,129,177,230,236,252,285,312,316],"lateral":[8],"lemniscus":[9],"are":[10,24,54,97,107,111,185,189,205,269,279],"conspicuous":[11],"for":[12,56,176],"their":[13,116],"large":[14,257],"size":[15],"and":[16,32,77,166,219,265,276,293],"high":[17],"degree":[18],"of":[19,61,70,79,120,132,163,180,198,229,284,314,323],"differentiation.":[20],"These":[21],"intermediate":[26],"nucleus":[27,30],"(INLL),":[28],"columnar":[29],"(VNLLc),":[31],"multipolar":[33],"area":[35],"(VNLLm).":[36],"All":[37],"receive":[38],"projections":[39],"from":[40,241],"contralateral":[42],"cochlear":[43],"nucleus.":[44],"Previous":[45],"anatomical":[46],"studies":[47],"suggest":[48],"hypothesis":[50],"that":[51,85,304],"these":[52,172],"nuclei":[53,318],"important":[55,191],"analyzing":[57],"temporal":[59,181],"structure":[60],"sound.":[62,325],"To":[63],"investigate":[64],"this":[65],"possibility,":[66],"we":[67],"recorded":[68],"responses":[69,283],"single":[71],"units":[72,106,136],"INLL,":[75],"VNLLc,":[76,289],"VNLLm":[78],"Eptesicus":[80],"fuscus.":[81],"The":[82,159,195,227,301],"results":[83,302],"show":[84],"each":[86],"cytoarchitectural":[87],"division":[88],"contains":[89],"a":[90,324],"complete":[91],"tonotopic":[92],"representation.":[93],"Certain":[94],"response":[95,267],"properties":[96,322],"common":[98],"to":[99,114,151,235,243,308],"all":[100,105,110,144,170],"nuclei.":[102,194],"First,":[103],"virtually":[104],"monaural.":[108],"Second,":[109],"broadly":[112,207],"tuned":[113,208],"frequency;":[115],"average":[117],"Q10dB":[118],"value":[119],"9.1":[121],"is":[122,200,232,306],"considerably":[123],"lower":[124],"than":[125,154,209],"values":[126],"measured":[127],"inferior":[130],"colliculus":[131],"Eptesicus.":[133],"Third,":[134],"most":[135],"have":[137,145,215],"little":[138],"or":[139,213,261],"no":[140,216,280],"spontaneous":[141,164,217],"activity.":[142],"Fourth,":[143],"short":[146,167],"integration":[147,168],"times,":[148],"responding":[149],"robustly":[150],"stimuli":[152],"less":[153],"5":[155],"msec":[156],"duration.":[158],"broad":[160],"tuning,":[161],"lack":[162],"activity,":[165,218],"time":[169],"make":[171],"neurons":[173],"well":[174],"suited":[175],"accurate":[178],"encoding":[179],"information.":[182],"Although":[183],"there":[184,188,278],"many":[186],"similarities,":[187],"also":[190],"differences":[192],"among":[193],"clearest":[196],"evidence":[197],"specialization":[199],"VNLLc.":[202],"Neurons":[203],"here":[204],"more":[206],"those":[210],"INLL":[212,264],"VNLLm,":[214,266],"always":[220],"respond":[221,296],"with":[222,239,297],"one":[223],"spike":[224,231],"per":[225],"stimulus.":[226],"latency":[228,253],"precisely":[233,311],"locked":[234],"stimulus":[237],"onset,":[238],"variability":[240],"trial":[242,244],"as":[245,247],"low":[246],"0.03":[248],"msec.":[249],"addition,":[251],"remains":[254],"constant":[255,298],"over":[256],"variations":[258],"frequency":[260],"intensity.":[262],"patterns":[268],"about":[270],"equally":[271],"distributed":[272],"between":[273],"tonic,":[274],"chopping,":[275],"phasic;":[277],"single-spike":[281],"constant-latency":[282],"type":[286],"seen":[287],"although":[290],"some":[291],"choppers":[292],"pausers":[294],"do":[295],"first-spike":[299],"latency.":[300],"indicate":[303],"VNLLc":[305],"specialized":[307],"encode":[309,320],"very":[310],"onset":[313],"sound;":[315],"other":[317],"may":[319],"ongoing":[321]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}