{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1908195884","doi":null,"title":"Delaware Public Benefit Corporations 90 Days Out: Who's Opting In?","display_name":"Delaware Public Benefit Corporations 90 Days Out: Who's Opting In?","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1908195884","mag":"1908195884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.georgetown.edu:facpub-2351","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/1342","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/1342","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400346","display_name":"The scholarly Commons (Georgetown)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","host_organization_name":"Georgetown University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/1342","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043317859","display_name":"Alicia E. Plerhoples","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alicia E. Plerhoples","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgetown University Law Center ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgetown University Law Center ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043317859"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0613,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9106272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.36230000853538513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.36230000853538513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13972","display_name":"Business Law and Ethics","score":0.31049999594688416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14102","display_name":"Corporate Governance and Law","score":0.057999998331069946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-benefit-corporations","display_name":"public benefit corporations","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delaware-general-corporation-law","display_name":"Delaware General Corporation Law","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-law-reform","display_name":"corporate law reform","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-business","display_name":"sustainable business","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-enterprises","display_name":"social enterprises","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-interests","display_name":"stakeholder interests","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shareholder-primacy","display_name":"shareholder primacy","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-incorporation","display_name":"corporate incorporation","score":0.37400001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167037","display_name":"Corporation","level":2,"score":0.7264940142631531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120757647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381136","display_name":"Shareholder","level":3,"score":0.7088030576705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17319257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184","display_name":"Statute","level":2,"score":0.5915741920471191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.5858702659606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5357303619384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141261163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218600","display_name":"Corporate social responsibility","level":2,"score":0.5353138446807861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25253098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2609670","display_name":"Corporate law","level":3,"score":0.521808385848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5044049024581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.4863901436328888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779220109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50000","display_name":"Victory","level":3,"score":0.4435018002986908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.4034566879272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3342512845993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.29044657945632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.28376802802085876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.257002055644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.21777763962745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.1781458556652069}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.georgetown.edu:facpub-2351","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/1342","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/1342","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400346","display_name":"The scholarly Commons (Georgetown)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","host_organization_name":"Georgetown University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1908195884","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2351&context=facpub","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.georgetown.edu:facpub-2351","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/1342","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/1342","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400346","display_name":"The scholarly Commons (Georgetown)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","host_organization_name":"Georgetown University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1908195884.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1908195884.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121270449","https://openalex.org/W1544204963","https://openalex.org/W3138070700","https://openalex.org/W2976604572","https://openalex.org/W3123137806","https://openalex.org/W2041710904","https://openalex.org/W39789653","https://openalex.org/W3017609782","https://openalex.org/W2895415036","https://openalex.org/W747588400","https://openalex.org/W3123667323","https://openalex.org/W2592127118","https://openalex.org/W3125972506","https://openalex.org/W1185680372","https://openalex.org/W2495859668","https://openalex.org/W2962751462","https://openalex.org/W224683941","https://openalex.org/W307073238","https://openalex.org/W3162163882","https://openalex.org/W3045077534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Delaware":[1,19,111,158,221],"legislature":[2],"recently":[3],"shocked":[4],"the":[5,18,48,56,82,85,105,116,124,148,160,165,187,220,226,258,310,321],"sustainable":[6,97],"business":[7,98],"and":[8,59,74,99,118,132,175,210,261,303,314],"social":[9,100],"enterprise":[10,101],"sector.":[11],"On":[12],"August":[13],"1,":[14],"2013,":[15],"amendments":[16],"to":[17,27,42,186,306],"General":[20],"Corporation":[21],"Law":[22],"became":[23],"effective,":[24],"allowing":[25],"entities":[26],"incorporate":[28],"as":[29,93,194,290],"a":[30,34,61,65,94,195,291],"public":[31,62,86,125,150,181,208,231,246,268,273,283,311],"benefit":[32,87,126,151,182,232,247,269,274,284,312],"corporation,":[33],"new":[35,236],"hybrid":[36],"corporate":[37,72,167,198],"form":[38,89,128],"that":[39,67,137,153],"requires":[40],"managers":[41],"balance":[43],"shareholders\u2019":[44],"financial":[45],"interests":[46,50],"with":[47,184],"besat":[49],"of":[51,84,107,120,164,192,213,230,242,245,267,272,282,325],"stakeholders":[52],"materially":[53],"affected":[54],"by":[55,96,219],"corporation\u2019s":[57],"conduct,":[58],"produce":[60,276],"benefit.":[63],"For":[64],"state":[66],"has":[68,77,90,129,317],"long":[69],"ruled":[70],"U.S.":[71],"law":[73],"whose":[75],"judiciary":[76],"frequently":[78],"invoked":[79],"shareholder":[80],"primacy,":[81],"adoption":[83,212],"corporation":[88,127,313],"been":[91,130,318],"hailed":[92],"victory":[95,109],"proponents.":[102],"And":[103],"yet,":[104],"significance":[106],"this":[108,140],"in":[110,157,238,308],"is":[112],"premature.":[113],"Information":[114],"about":[115],"number":[117],"types":[119],"companies":[121],"opting":[122],"into":[123],"preliminary":[131],"speculative.":[133],"This":[134,299],"article":[135,300],"fills":[136],"gap.":[138],"In":[139],"article,":[141],"I":[142,177],"present":[143],"original":[144],"descriptive":[145],"research":[146],"on":[147,171],"53":[149],"corporations":[152,183,233,237,248,275,285],"incorporated":[154,289],"or":[155],"converted":[156],"within":[159,320],"first":[161,180,322],"three":[162,323],"months":[163,324],"amended":[166],"statute\u2019s":[168],"effectiveness.":[169],"Based":[170],"publicly":[172],"available":[173],"documents":[174],"information,":[176],"analyze":[178],"these":[179,302],"respect":[185],"following":[188,227],"characteristics:":[189],"(1)":[190],"year":[191],"incorporation":[193],"proxy":[196],"for":[197],"age,":[199],"(2)":[200],"industry,":[201],"(3)":[202],"charitable":[203,292],"activities,":[204],"(4)":[205],"identified":[206],"specific":[207],"benefit,":[209],"(5)":[211],"model":[214],"legislation":[215],"options":[216],"not":[217],"required":[218],"statute.":[222],"My":[223],"analysis":[224],"returns":[225],"results:":[228],"75%":[229],"are":[234],"likely":[235],"their":[239],"early":[240],"stages":[241],"operation;":[243],"32%":[244],"provide":[249],"professional":[250],"services":[251],"(e.g.,":[252],"consulting,":[253],"legal,":[254],"financial,":[255],"architectural":[256],"design),":[257],"technology,":[259],"healthcare,":[260],"education":[262],"sectors":[263],"each":[264],"represent":[265],"11%":[266],"corporations,":[270],"10%":[271],"consumer":[277],"retail":[278],"products;":[279],"approximately":[280],"40%":[281],"could":[286],"have":[287],"alternatively":[288],"nonprofit":[293],"exempt":[294],"from":[295],"federal":[296],"income":[297],"taxes.":[298],"discusses":[301],"other":[304],"findings":[305],"assist":[307],"understanding":[309],"how":[315],"it":[316],"employed":[319],"its":[326],"adoption.":[327]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}