{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1905898960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009102601003900302","title":"System Failure: Implementing Pay for Performance in the Department of Defense's National Security Personnel System","display_name":"System Failure: Implementing Pay for Performance in the Department of Defense's National Security Personnel System","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1905898960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009102601003900302","mag":"1905898960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/009102601003900302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009102601003900302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009102601003900302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38942948","display_name":"Public Personnel Management","issn_l":"0091-0260","issn":["0091-0260","1945-7421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Personnel Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018682557","display_name":"Barbara I. Haga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Barbara I. Haga","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108809549","display_name":"Roger Richman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roger Richman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076249134","display_name":"William M. Leavitt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William Leavitt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018682557","https://openalex.org/A5076249134","https://openalex.org/A5108809549"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0393,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83729894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"211","last_page":"230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12687","display_name":"Public Administration in Developing Nations","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13988","display_name":"Public Administration and Governance","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pay-for-performance","display_name":"performance-based pay","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-bargaining","display_name":"collective bargaining","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-unions","display_name":"trade unions","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-dissatisfaction","display_name":"job dissatisfaction","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-implementation-failure","display_name":"policy implementation failure","score":0.6439999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.616371750831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777720223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255430","display_name":"Demise","level":2,"score":0.6075244545936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777632292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315515","display_name":"Discretion","level":2,"score":0.5912750363349915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.513004720211029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.49677640199661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38775462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569376","display_name":"Transformational leadership","level":2,"score":0.482355535030365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47162652015686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776665811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452421","display_name":"Collective bargaining","level":2,"score":0.4545322060585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779999868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191891","display_name":"Fiscal year","level":2,"score":0.4473787248134613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992250137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11771944","display_name":"Civil service","level":3,"score":0.4386720061302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.42404675483703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3576096296310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.34422898292541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.30075302720069885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2860143780708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.22672712802886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2056136429309845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.19130009412765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.180820494890213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.1425885260105133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780110086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161837","display_name":"Public service","level":2,"score":0.12073120474815369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09481561183929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/009102601003900302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009102601003900302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009102601003900302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38942948","display_name":"Public Personnel Management","issn_l":"0091-0260","issn":["0091-0260","1945-7421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Personnel Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W91168146","https://openalex.org/W122045471","https://openalex.org/W137196336","https://openalex.org/W6887750929","https://openalex.org/W2082889594","https://openalex.org/W7027387348","https://openalex.org/W1562880636","https://openalex.org/W2467966273","https://openalex.org/W2807893114","https://openalex.org/W232058539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,33,50],"National":[1],"Security":[2],"Personnel":[3],"System":[4],"(NSPS)":[5],"was":[6],"to":[7,18,70,120],"be":[8,118],"a":[9,45,62,147],"transformational":[10],"reform":[11],"of":[12,92,100,129,142,149,152,163],"the":[13,37,101,109,121,127,134,139,150,157,161,164],"federal":[14,135,158],"civil":[15],"service,":[16],"designed":[17],"increase":[19],"manager's":[20],"flexibility,":[21],"discretion":[22],"and":[23,41,67,73,81,98,105,111,144],"effectiveness":[24],"in":[25,133],"supervising":[26],"some":[27],"700,000":[28],"Defense":[29],"Department":[30],"civilian":[31],"employees.":[32],"new":[34,63,102],"system":[35,43],"replaced":[36],"traditional":[38],"GS":[39,122],"classification":[40],"rating":[42,65],"with":[44,146],"pay":[46,54,56,130,153],"for":[47,131,154],"performance":[48,132,155],"model.":[49],"NSPS":[51,110],"used":[52],"broad":[53],"bands,":[55],"pools,":[57],"\u201cperformance":[58],"shares,\u201d":[59],"distribution":[60],"formulas,":[61],"five-level":[64],"system,":[66,103],"important":[68],"changes":[69],"labor":[71],"relations":[72],"collective":[74],"bargaining":[75],"subjects,":[76],"all":[77],"without":[78],"significant":[79],"participation":[80],"support":[82],"from":[83],"employee":[84,96],"unions.":[85],"It":[86],"didn't":[87],"work.":[88],"After":[89],"five":[90],"years":[91],"troubled":[93],"implementation,":[94],"widespread":[95],"dissatisfaction":[97],"mistrust":[99],"lawsuits":[104],"lobbying,":[106],"Congress":[107],"dismantled":[108],"directed":[112],"that":[113],"more":[114],"than":[115],"200,000":[116],"participants":[117],"returned":[119],"system.":[123],"This":[124],"article":[125],"reviews":[126,138],"history":[128],"government,":[136],"then":[137],"failed":[140],"implementation":[141],"NSPS,":[143],"concludes":[145],"preview":[148],"future":[151],"within":[156],"government":[159],"after":[160],"demise":[162],"NSPS.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
