{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1902900965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-17-06713.2003","title":"A Two-Stage Unsupervised Learning Algorithm Reproduces Multisensory Enhancement in a Neural Network Model of the Corticotectal System","display_name":"A Two-Stage Unsupervised Learning Algorithm Reproduces Multisensory Enhancement in a Neural Network Model of the Corticotectal System","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1902900965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-17-06713.2003","mag":"1902900965","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12890764","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6740726"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-17-06713.2003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-17-06713.2003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-17-06713.2003","pdf_url":"https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/23/17/6713.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5555990","display_name":"Journal of Neuroscience","issn_l":"0270-6474","issn":["0270-6474","1529-2401"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319739","host_organization_name":"Society for Neuroscience","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319739"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Neuroscience"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/23/17/6713.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082504203","display_name":"Thomas J. Anastasio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas J. Anastasio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular and Integrative  Physiology and \n\nBeckman Institute, University of  Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801","Department of Molecular and Integrative  Physiology and #N##N#Beckman Institute, University of  Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular and Integrative  Physiology and \n\nBeckman Institute, University of  Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular and Integrative  Physiology and #N##N#Beckman Institute, University of  Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045731180","display_name":"Paul E. Patton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul E. Patton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular and Integrative  Physiology and \n\nBeckman Institute, University of  Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801","Department of Molecular and Integrative  Physiology and #N##N#Beckman Institute, University of  Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular and Integrative  Physiology and \n\nBeckman Institute, University of  Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular and Integrative  Physiology and #N##N#Beckman Institute, University of  Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2108,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79154486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"17","first_page":"6713","last_page":"6727"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multisensory-enhancement","display_name":"multisensory enhancement","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hebbian-learning","display_name":"Hebbian learning","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-hebbian-learning","display_name":"anti-Hebbian learning","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multisensory-neurons","display_name":"multisensory neurons","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-detection","display_name":"target detection","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-organization","display_name":"self-organization","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network-model","display_name":"neural network model","score":0.5559999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.6242454051971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26486553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371870","display_name":"Stimulus modality","level":3,"score":0.6095198392868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5721223950386047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25457674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17163316","display_name":"Sensory stimulation therapy","level":3,"score":0.5694577693939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.534789502620697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5162627696990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5089883804321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781416072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1109417","display_name":"Superior colliculus","level":2,"score":0.4941871464252472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49299952387809753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.4921061396598816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75785","display_name":"Visual cortex","level":2,"score":0.470943808555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3397672772407532}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002540","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008322","descriptor_name":"Mammals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013477","descriptor_name":"Superior Colliculi","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-17-06713.2003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-17-06713.2003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-17-06713.2003","pdf_url":"https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/23/17/6713.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5555990","display_name":"Journal of Neuroscience","issn_l":"0270-6474","issn":["0270-6474","1529-2401"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319739","host_organization_name":"Society for Neuroscience","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319739"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Neuroscience"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5710778","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6740726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6740726","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6740726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:12890764","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12890764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.119.9665","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.119.9665","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/reprint/23/17/6713.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-17-06713.2003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-17-06713.2003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.23-17-06713.2003","pdf_url":"https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/23/17/6713.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5555990","display_name":"Journal of Neuroscience","issn_l":"0270-6474","issn":["0270-6474","1529-2401"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319739","host_organization_name":"Society for Neuroscience","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319739"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Neuroscience"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2326161792","display_name":"Modeling Multisensory Enhancement in the Superior Colliculus","funder_award_id":"0080789","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1902900965.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1902900965.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65738273","https://openalex.org/W142164647","https://openalex.org/W374314111","https://openalex.org/W1480263640","https://openalex.org/W1498038217","https://openalex.org/W1522296995","https://openalex.org/W1523224409","https://openalex.org/W1544384348","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1748759529","https://openalex.org/W1771811360","https://openalex.org/W1796794609","https://openalex.org/W1828552290","https://openalex.org/W1853766545","https://openalex.org/W1859622625","https://openalex.org/W1882131888","https://openalex.org/W1890315254","https://openalex.org/W1908858510","https://openalex.org/W1963784478","https://openalex.org/W1963806203","https://openalex.org/W1972536405","https://openalex.org/W1980695797","https://openalex.org/W1983664266","https://openalex.org/W1983885921","https://openalex.org/W1991848143","https://openalex.org/W2003293413","https://openalex.org/W2007305681","https://openalex.org/W2008846099","https://openalex.org/W2018106452","https://openalex.org/W2021200978","https://openalex.org/W2024332750","https://openalex.org/W2044803717","https://openalex.org/W2046480151","https://openalex.org/W2049569863","https://openalex.org/W2065869112","https://openalex.org/W2068603536","https://openalex.org/W2070192447","https://openalex.org/W2077316410","https://openalex.org/W2081050256","https://openalex.org/W2087363824","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2099277959","https://openalex.org/W2103716973","https://openalex.org/W2107067556","https://openalex.org/W2108613636","https://openalex.org/W2122925692","https://openalex.org/W2124776405","https://openalex.org/W2127110756","https://openalex.org/W2133544641","https://openalex.org/W2136020131","https://openalex.org/W2143198090","https://openalex.org/W2159832042","https://openalex.org/W2165371202","https://openalex.org/W2173013745","https://openalex.org/W2204891445","https://openalex.org/W2215372408","https://openalex.org/W2225776237","https://openalex.org/W2233697222","https://openalex.org/W2271263590","https://openalex.org/W2283124294","https://openalex.org/W2297604160","https://openalex.org/W2303775563","https://openalex.org/W2328009342","https://openalex.org/W2402989538","https://openalex.org/W2418523622","https://openalex.org/W2418865578","https://openalex.org/W3036512766","https://openalex.org/W4205686602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097332327","https://openalex.org/W1993710635","https://openalex.org/W6983704679","https://openalex.org/W2159448331","https://openalex.org/W7097011336","https://openalex.org/W2292200831","https://openalex.org/W2215372408","https://openalex.org/W1983299123","https://openalex.org/W2018106452","https://openalex.org/W6983617078"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multisensory":[0,201],"enhancement":[1],"(MSE)":[2],"is":[3,188],"the":[4,7,29,45,55,83,96,109,113,171,191,214,250],"augmentation":[5],"of":[6,12,17,34,47,57,79,108,117,149,177,184,193,213,230,247],"response":[8],"to":[9,38,53,60,74,159,173,228],"sensory":[10,122],"stimulation":[11,16,48],"one":[13,143],"modality":[14],"by":[15,128,190,197],"a":[18,106,115,175,231],"different":[19],"modality.":[20,233],"It":[21,168],"has":[22,221],"been":[23],"described":[24],"for":[25,87],"multisensory":[26,180,186],"neurons":[27,59,67],"in":[28,141,249],"deep":[30],"superior":[31],"colliculus":[32],"(DSC)":[33],"mammals,":[35],"which":[36,206],"function":[37],"detect,":[39],"and":[40,95,136,145,179,196,238],"direct":[41],"orienting":[42],"movements":[43],"toward,":[44],"sources":[46],"(targets).":[49],"MSE":[50,70,88,219],"would":[51],"seem":[52],"improve":[54],"ability":[56],"DSC":[58,66,75,118,157,172,185,202,225],"detect":[61],"targets,":[62],"but":[63,220],"many":[64],"mammalian":[65],"are":[68,139],"unimodal.":[69],"requires":[71],"descending":[72,84],"input":[73,123,199],"from":[76,90,134,165],"certain":[77],"regions":[78],"parietal":[80],"cortex.":[81],"Paradoxically,":[82],"projections":[85],"necessary":[86],"originate":[89],"unimodal":[91,178,209],"cortical":[92,130],"neurons.":[93],"MSE,":[94,205],"puzzling":[97],"findings":[98],"associated":[99],"with":[100],"it,":[101],"can":[102,125],"be":[103,126],"simulated":[104,163],"using":[105],"model":[107,237],"corticotectal":[110,252],"system.":[111,253],"In":[112],"model,":[114],"network":[116],"units":[119,158,187,203],"receives":[120],"primary":[121,135,198],"that":[124,241],"augmented":[127],"modulatory":[129,137,210,215],"input.":[131],"Connection":[132],"weights":[133],"inputs":[138],"trained":[140],"stages":[142],"(Hebb)":[144],"two":[146],"(Hebb-anti-Hebb),":[147],"respectively,":[148],"an":[150],"unsupervised":[151],"two-stage":[152,242],"algorithm.":[153],"Two-stage":[154],"training":[155,243],"causes":[156,170],"extract":[160],"information":[161],"concerning":[162],"targets":[164,195],"their":[166],"inputs.":[167],"also":[169],"develop":[174,204],"mixture":[176],"units.":[181],"The":[182,234],"percentage":[183],"determined":[189],"proportion":[192],"cross-modal":[194],"ambiguity.":[200],"depends":[207],"on":[208,224],"connections.":[211],"Removal":[212],"influence":[216],"greatly":[217],"reduces":[218],"little":[222],"effect":[223],"unit":[226],"responses":[227],"stimuli":[229],"single":[232],"correspondence":[235],"between":[236],"data":[239],"suggests":[240],"captures":[244],"important":[245],"features":[246],"self-organization":[248],"real":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
