{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1902289786","doi":null,"title":"Reducing energy costs and peak electrical demand through optimal control of building thermal storage","display_name":"Reducing energy costs and peak electrical demand through optimal control of building thermal storage","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1902289786","mag":"1902289786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1902289786","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://drrc.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/dbc-paper90.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080584548","display_name":"James E. Braun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5004-5379","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5004-5379"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James E. Braun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5004-5379","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080584548"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.8031,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":353,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97794386,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-thermal-storage","display_name":"building thermal storage","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-cost-savings","display_name":"energy cost reduction","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"optimal control","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-comfort","display_name":"thermal comfort","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-cooling","display_name":"free cooling","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-load-operation","display_name":"off-design operation","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utility-rate-structures","display_name":"utility rate structures","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nocturnal-cooling","display_name":"night cooling","score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-handling-systems","display_name":"air handling systems","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooling-plant","display_name":"cooling plant","score":0.5049999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.667945146560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147940328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3393666","display_name":"Peak demand","level":3,"score":0.5943820476531982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5933483242988586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.5808759331703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777030403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17099419","display_name":"Load shifting","level":3,"score":0.5700819492340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781099182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24963825","display_name":"Cooling load","level":3,"score":0.5670143365859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183287310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142963","display_name":"Thermal energy storage","level":2,"score":0.5383177399635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.501795768737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.5001988410949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77715397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931447","display_name":"Electrical load","level":3,"score":0.49407199025154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4783884286880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128014804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150682","display_name":"Thermal mass","level":3,"score":0.4695592224597931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.41709989309310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133913538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774514","display_name":"Thermal comfort","level":2,"score":0.4100688397884369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39426541328430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.33916234970092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3168964982032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24403035640716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.24063900113105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19952240586280823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.17808416485786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.15473580360412598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.10832980275154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1902289786","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://drrc.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/dbc-paper90.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.75}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2466319727","https://openalex.org/W3016164285"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099542237","https://openalex.org/W2088693678","https://openalex.org/W2101296034","https://openalex.org/W2584116772","https://openalex.org/W2000713618","https://openalex.org/W2080374797","https://openalex.org/W2308894526","https://openalex.org/W2939634842","https://openalex.org/W2068325889","https://openalex.org/W2799314921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"an":[3,63],"investigation":[4],"into":[5],"the":[6,17,35,45,51,140,162,178,187],"use":[7,153],"of":[8,15,34,44,85,124,134,177],"building":[9,30,36,192],"thermal":[10,37,52,193],"capacitance":[11],"as":[12],"a":[13,132],"means":[14],"reducing":[16],"operating":[18],"costs":[19,149],"associated":[20,67,128],"with":[21,68,94],"maintaining":[22],"adequate":[23],"comfort":[24,53],"conditions":[25,135],"in":[26,58,62,112,136],"buildings":[27,125],"(termed":[28],"dynamic":[29,118],"control).":[31],"The":[32,55,109],"state":[33],"storage":[38],"can":[39,154],"be":[40,155],"controlled":[41],"through":[42,158],"variations":[43],"zone":[46,60],"temperatures":[47],"over":[48],"time":[49],"within":[50],"region.":[54],"primary":[56],"opportunities":[57],"varying":[59],"setpoints":[61],"optimal":[64,159],"fashion":[65],"are":[66],"shifting":[69],"cooling":[70,93,96,129,179],"loads":[71],"from":[72],"daytime":[73],"to":[74,76,116,121,138],"nighttime":[75,87],"(1)":[77,170],"reduce":[78],"peak":[79,151],"electrical":[80,88,152],"demands,":[81],"(2)":[82,174],"take":[83],"advantage":[84],"low":[86],"rates,":[89],"(3)":[90,184],"offset":[91],"mechanical":[92],"free":[95],"at":[97,104],"night,":[98],"and":[99,126,150,181,190],"(4)":[100,186],"enhance":[101],"equipment":[102],"operation":[103],"more":[105],"favorable":[106],"part-load":[107,175],"conditions.":[108],"approach":[110],"utilized":[111],"this":[113],"study":[114],"was":[115],"apply":[117],"optimization":[119],"techniques":[120],"computer":[122],"simulations":[123],"their":[127],"systems":[130],"for":[131],"range":[133],"order":[137],"determine":[139],"maximum":[141],"possible":[142],"savings.":[143],"Results":[144],"indicate":[145],"that":[146],"both":[147],"energy":[148],"significantly":[156],"reduced":[157],"structures.":[160],"However,":[161],"cost":[163],"savings":[164],"depend":[165],"upon":[166],"several":[167],"factors,":[168],"including":[169],"utility":[171],"rate":[172],"structure,":[173],"characteristics":[176],"plant":[180],"air-handling":[182],"system,":[183],"weather,":[185],"occupancy":[188],"schedule,":[189],"(5)":[191],"capacitance.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":24}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
