{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1901840824","doi":null,"title":"Thymidine analogue-sparing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).","display_name":"Thymidine analogue-sparing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1901840824","mag":"1901840824","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12840707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12840707","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12840707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of HIV therapy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039351765","display_name":"David A Nolan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0743-8801","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0743-8801"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176790772","display_name":"Murdoch University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r4sry34","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799740997","display_name":"Royal Perth Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00zc2xc51","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799506148","https://openalex.org/I2799740997","https://openalex.org/I2800882159","https://openalex.org/I4388446364","https://openalex.org/I4405257575"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Nolan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Royal Perth Hospital and Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia. David.Nolan@health.wa.gov.au"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Royal Perth Hospital and Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia. David.Nolan@health.wa.gov.au","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176790772","https://openalex.org/I2799740997"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070165631","display_name":"Simon Alexander Mallal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-1309","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-1309"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Mallal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5824,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71957645,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"2","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11655","display_name":"HIV-related health complications and treatments","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/highly-active-antiretroviral-therapy","display_name":"highly active antiretroviral therapy","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitors","display_name":"nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stavudine","display_name":"stavudine","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zidovudine","display_name":"zidovudine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tenofovir","display_name":"tenofovir","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abacavir","display_name":"abacavir","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipoatrophy","display_name":"lipoatrophy","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-treatment","display_name":"HIV treatment","score":0.5210000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779889181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423984","display_name":"Stavudine","level":5,"score":0.9113497734069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780216070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198504","display_name":"Zidovudine","level":4,"score":0.8338569402694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8227977156639099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779465607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304330","display_name":"Abacavir","level":5,"score":0.8100162744522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779546735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3500973","display_name":"Lipoatrophy","level":5,"score":0.6473694443702698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.6111215949058533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5716687440872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777071529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12796879","display_name":"Mitochondrial toxicity","level":3,"score":0.5682012438774109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909970146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421559","display_name":"Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor","level":5,"score":0.560658872127533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777333352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2689559","display_name":"Nucleoside analogue","level":3,"score":0.5270645618438721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778375690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7814214","display_name":"Tolerability","level":3,"score":0.5208054780960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421559","display_name":"Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor","level":5,"score":0.4942591190338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777108182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422464","display_name":"Thymidine","level":3,"score":0.4458619952201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777869810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422631","display_name":"Lamivudine","level":4,"score":0.432561457157135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776543447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28734","display_name":"Nucleoside","level":2,"score":0.29063549637794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.27794891595840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2741243839263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.2677399516105652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993143319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583050","display_name":"Antiretroviral therapy","level":4,"score":0.23885071277618408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.19971972703933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.19065731763839722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780727368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928978","display_name":"Viral disease","level":3,"score":0.12332653999328613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.11465325951576233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09982389211654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780593183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6844","display_name":"Hepatitis B virus","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068698","descriptor_name":"Tenofovir","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000099227","descriptor_name":"Abacavir","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000225","descriptor_name":"Adenine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000225","descriptor_name":"Adenine","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000225","descriptor_name":"Adenine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015224","descriptor_name":"Dideoxynucleosides","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015224","descriptor_name":"Dideoxynucleosides","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018894","descriptor_name":"Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018894","descriptor_name":"Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D023241","descriptor_name":"Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024882","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Viral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D039682","descriptor_name":"HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054303","descriptor_name":"HIV Reverse Transcriptase","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054303","descriptor_name":"HIV Reverse Transcriptase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063065","descriptor_name":"Organophosphonates","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063065","descriptor_name":"Organophosphonates","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12840707","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12840707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of HIV therapy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.61MUN_INST:11135221980007891","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchportal.murdoch.edu.au/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/Thymidine-analogue-sparing-highly-active-antiretroviral-therapy/991005540637807891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400274","display_name":"Murdoch University Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176790772","host_organization_name":"Murdoch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au:14932","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/14932/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400274","display_name":"Murdoch University Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176790772","host_organization_name":"Murdoch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nolan, D. <http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/view/author/Nolan, David.html> and Mallal, S. <http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/view/author/Mallal, Simon.html> (2003) Thymidine analogue-sparing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Journal of HIV therapy, 8 (1). pp. 1-5.","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:1901840824","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12840707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089353687","https://openalex.org/W1502400368","https://openalex.org/W79601317","https://openalex.org/W1508037561","https://openalex.org/W2008599376","https://openalex.org/W143735323","https://openalex.org/W2148083950","https://openalex.org/W2098701153","https://openalex.org/W2140070566","https://openalex.org/W2788933775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,132],"use":[1,58],"of":[2,23,31,42,47,59,86,136,152,156,161],"alternative":[3,65],"nucleoside":[4],"reverse":[5],"transcriptase":[6],"inhibitors":[7],"(NRTIs)":[8],"to":[9,97],"the":[10,29,43,57,84,145,153],"thymidine":[11,60,116],"analogues":[12],"stavudine":[13],"(d4T)":[14],"and":[15,63,72,81,101,134,138,163],"zidovudine(ZDV)":[16],"has":[17],"been":[18],"advocated":[19],"as":[20,69],"a":[21,123],"means":[22],"limiting":[24],"long-term":[25,108,154],"NRTI-associated":[26],"toxicity,":[27],"particularly":[28],"development":[30],"lipoatrophy":[32],"or":[33],"fat":[34],"wasting.":[35],"This":[36],"approach":[37],"reflects":[38],"an":[39],"increasing":[40],"knowledge":[41,151],"distinct":[44],"toxicity":[45,87,120,162],"profiles":[46,121],"NRTI":[48,109],"drugs.":[49],"However,":[50],"recent":[51],"clinical":[52,92],"trials":[53],"have":[54,118],"demonstrated":[55],"that":[56,99,112],"analogue":[61],"NRTIs":[62],"newer":[64],"backbone":[66],"NRTIs,":[67,114],"such":[68],"tenofovir":[70],"(TNF)":[71],"abacavir":[73],"(ABC),":[74],"is":[75,95],"associated":[76],"with":[77],"comparable":[78],"short-term":[79],"efficacy":[80,135],"tolerability.":[82],"Given":[83],"importance":[85],"profile":[88],"differences":[89],"in":[90,159],"determining":[91],"management,":[93],"it":[94],"important":[96],"recognise":[98],"d4T":[100],"ZDV":[102],"cary":[103],"significantly":[104],"different":[105],"risks":[106],"for":[107,127],"toxicity.":[110],"Recognising":[111],"all":[113],"including":[115],"analogues,":[117],"individual":[119],"provides":[122],"more":[124],"appropriate":[125],"basis":[126],"selecting":[128],"optimal":[129],"antiretroviral":[130],"therapy.":[131],"safety":[133],"TNF":[137],"ABC":[139],"are":[140],"also":[141],"reviewed":[142],"here,":[143],"although":[144],"available":[146],"data":[147],"provide":[148],"only":[149],"limited":[150],"effects":[155],"these":[157],"drugs":[158],"terms":[160],"antiviral":[164],"durability.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}