{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1901782007","doi":null,"title":"A pharmacokinetic model of topotecan clearance from plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.","display_name":"A pharmacokinetic model of topotecan clearance from plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1901782007","mag":"1901782007","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7923128"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:7923128","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7923128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109070517","display_name":"C Sung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Sung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering & Instrumentation Program, National Center for Research Resources, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering & Instrumentation Program, National Center for Research Resources, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027468886","display_name":"Susan M. Blaney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6194-4799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6194-4799"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S M Blaney","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075130859","display_name":"Diane E. Cole","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D E Cole","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024249524","display_name":"Frank M. Balis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8117-6926","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8117-6926"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F M Balis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045720971","display_name":"Robert L. Dedrick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R L Dedrick","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3796,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51741017,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"19","first_page":"5118","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11845","display_name":"Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms","score":0.9589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11845","display_name":"Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms","score":0.9589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11406","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11036","display_name":"Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topotecan","display_name":"topotecan","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebrospinal-fluid-pharmacokinetics","display_name":"cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-pharmacokinetics","display_name":"plasma pharmacokinetics","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intraventricular-administration","display_name":"intraventricular administration","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intravenous-infusion","display_name":"intravenous infusion","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/csf-penetration","display_name":"CSF penetration","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clearance","display_name":"clearance","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume-of-distribution","display_name":"volume of distribution","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monkeys","display_name":"monkeys","score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system-diseases","display_name":"central nervous system disorders","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physiologically-based-pharmacokinetic-model","display_name":"physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling","score":0.6489999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112705442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323936","display_name":"Pharmacokinetics","level":2,"score":0.8342801332473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781209748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419953","display_name":"Topotecan","level":3,"score":0.7916734218597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7610758543014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779651940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54196","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid","level":2,"score":0.690844714641571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139254425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332167","display_name":"Volume of distribution","level":3,"score":0.6049847602844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5230154395103455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908944559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332167","display_name":"Distribution Volume","level":4,"score":0.4473975896835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4311811327934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.41717758774757385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.36619213223457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1402076780796051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10586097836494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776694085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974135","display_name":"Chemotherapy","level":2,"score":0.09336331486701965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000882","descriptor_name":"Haplorhini","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002166","descriptor_name":"Camptothecin","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002166","descriptor_name":"Camptothecin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002166","descriptor_name":"Camptothecin","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002166","descriptor_name":"Camptothecin","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008657","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Clearance Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019772","descriptor_name":"Topotecan","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:7923128","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7923128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:1901782007","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7923128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.4699999988079071}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012797500","https://openalex.org/W3022412321","https://openalex.org/W1979749400","https://openalex.org/W2090706904","https://openalex.org/W2059184955","https://openalex.org/W2070540557","https://openalex.org/W2097161597","https://openalex.org/W1980778561","https://openalex.org/W2096318698","https://openalex.org/W1579959111"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,42,148,208],"physiological":[3],"pharmacokinetic":[4,253],"model":[5,31,46,89,102,254],"that":[6],"describes":[7],"the":[8,37,39,82,88,96,99,107,114,126,145,162,165,169,175,178,221,233,267,272],"plasma":[9,73,83,108,146,182],"and":[10,25,41,66,74,77,109,122,133,141,154,185,189,216,227,245,260],"cerebrospinal":[11],"fluid":[12],"(CSF)":[13],"concentrations":[14],"of":[15,33,53,79,98,119,138,161,199,232,262,269,271],"topotecan":[16,54,120,139,188],"[(S)-9-dimethylaminomethyl-10-hydroxyamptothecin":[17],"hydrochloride,":[18],"SK&F":[19],"104864-A,":[20],"NSC":[21],"609699]":[22],"following":[23,147,171],"i.v.":[24,172],"intraventricular":[26,129],"administrations":[27],"in":[28,87,168,181,207,266],"monkeys.":[29],"The":[30,45,101,158,197,214],"consists":[32],"three":[34],"physical":[35],"spaces:":[36],"CSF,":[38],"plasma,":[40,67],"body":[43,75,212,237],"compartment.":[44,84],"incorporates":[47],"such":[48],"processes":[49],"as":[50],"reversible":[51],"conversion":[52,224],"lactone":[55,121,140],"to":[56,106,112,174,236],"an":[57],"inactive":[58],"hydroxy":[59],"acid":[60,223],"form,":[61],"microvascular":[62],"exchange":[63,71],"between":[64,72],"CSF":[65,69,110,127,170,195],"bulk":[68],"flow,":[70],"compartments,":[76],"elimination":[78],"drug":[80,124,143],"from":[81,92,125,144],"Several":[85],"parameters":[86],"were":[90,131,151,183,225],"obtained":[91],"published":[93],"literature":[94],"on":[95],"physiology":[97],"monkey.":[100],"was":[103,201],"then":[104],"fit":[105],"data":[111],"deduce":[113],"other":[115],"parameters.":[116],"Calculated":[117],"clearances":[118,234],"total":[123,142,190,211],"after":[128],"injection":[130],"3.9":[132],"2.2":[134],"ml/h,":[135],"respectively.":[136,157,230],"Clearances":[137],"10-min":[149],"infusion":[150,173],"26.3":[152],"liters/h/m2":[153],"17.8":[155],"liters/h/m2,":[156],"calculated":[159],"ratios":[160],"area":[163,176],"under":[164,177],"concentration":[166,179],"curve":[167,180],"0.11":[184],"0.19":[186],"for":[187,220,243],"drug,":[191],"respectively,":[192],"indicating":[193],"significant":[194],"penetration.":[196],"volume":[198,209],"distribution":[200,206],"0.77":[202],"liters/kg,":[203],"which":[204],"represents":[205],"approximating":[210],"water.":[213],"forward":[215],"reverse":[217],"rate":[218],"constants":[219],"lactone-to-hydroxy":[222],"1.0":[226],"0.29":[228],"h-1,":[229],"Comparison":[231],"(normalized":[235],"surface":[238],"area)":[239],"with":[240],"values":[241],"reported":[242],"mice":[244],"humans":[246],"shows":[247],"reasonable":[248],"similarity":[249],"across":[250],"species.":[251],"This":[252],"may":[255],"help":[256],"guide":[257],"future":[258],"development":[259],"refinement":[261],"clinical":[263],"protocols,":[264],"especially":[265],"treatment":[268],"diseases":[270],"central":[273],"nervous":[274],"system.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
