{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1900292540","doi":null,"title":"Safety of probiotics used to reduce risk and prevent or treat disease.","display_name":"Safety of probiotics used to reduce risk and prevent or treat disease.","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1900292540","mag":"1900292540","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23126627","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4780970"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4780970","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4780970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep)","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4780970","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085697520","display_name":"Susanne Hempel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1597-5110","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1597-5110"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susanne Hempel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067416350","display_name":"Sydne Jennifer Newberry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9430-2664","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9430-2664"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sydne Newberry","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078567084","display_name":"Alicia R. Ruelaz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alicia Ruelaz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422396","display_name":"Zhen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-6149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-6149"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078043800","display_name":"Jeremy N. V. Miles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3229-6235","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3229-6235"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy N V Miles","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032703149","display_name":"Marika J Suttorp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marika J Suttorp","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019711926","display_name":"Breanne Johnsen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Breanne Johnsen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038342024","display_name":"Roberta Shanman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-1752","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-1752"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberta Shanman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003019628","display_name":"Wendelin M. Slusser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3831-2192","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3831-2192"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendelin Slusser","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033917984","display_name":"Ning Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1791-367X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1791-367X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103711289","display_name":"Alex Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062031481","display_name":"Beth Roth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beth Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043618808","display_name":"Joanna Polak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3329-3914","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3329-3914"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joanna Polak","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109001839","display_name":"Aneesa Motala","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aneesa Motala","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109332109","display_name":"Tanja Perry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanja Perry","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109914479","display_name":"Paul Shekelle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2764-4610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2764-4610"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul G Shekelle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.0686,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":244,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99585652,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"200","first_page":"1","last_page":"645"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10902","display_name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probiotic-safety","display_name":"probiotic safety","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-events","display_name":"adverse events","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactobacillus","display_name":"Lactobacillus","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bifidobacterium","display_name":"Bifidobacterium","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saccharomyces","display_name":"Saccharomyces","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streptococcus","display_name":"Streptococcus","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enterococcus","display_name":"Enterococcus","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus","display_name":"Bacillus","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fungemia","display_name":"fungemia","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacteremia","display_name":"bacteremia","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-side-effects","display_name":"gastrointestinal adverse effects","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probiotic-delivery-vehicles","display_name":"probiotic delivery vehicles","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yogurt","display_name":"yogurt","score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critically-ill-patients","display_name":"critically ill patients","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-event-reporting","display_name":"adverse event reporting","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probiotic-intervention","display_name":"probiotic intervention","score":0.3880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-prevention-and-treatment","display_name":"disease prevention and treatment","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-benefit-assessment","display_name":"risk-benefit assessment","score":0.5130000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.8482849597930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7783311009407043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.603830099105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.46728286147117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4464174211025238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4429885149002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.4369303286075592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4251548647880554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.37803971767425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.26759523153305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001644","descriptor_name":"Bifidobacterium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005767","descriptor_name":"Gastrointestinal Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005767","descriptor_name":"Gastrointestinal Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007778","descriptor_name":"Lactobacillus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012306","descriptor_name":"Risk","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016469","descriptor_name":"Fungemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016470","descriptor_name":"Bacteremia","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018849","descriptor_name":"Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019936","descriptor_name":"Probiotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019936","descriptor_name":"Probiotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043302","descriptor_name":"Cultured Milk Products","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4780970","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4780970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:23126627","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23126627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evidence report/technology assessment","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:1900292540","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23126627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4780970","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4780970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep)","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160891295","https://openalex.org/W4413930874","https://openalex.org/W2114923501","https://openalex.org/W2125631968","https://openalex.org/W2027617880","https://openalex.org/W2207454127","https://openalex.org/W135910954","https://openalex.org/W2002421343","https://openalex.org/W2332265012","https://openalex.org/W2137129468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"To":[1],"catalog":[2],"what":[3],"is":[4,335,384],"known":[5],"about":[6],"the":[7,28,52,75,98,119,132,137,202,268,376,381,392],"safety":[8,53,126,269,393],"of":[9,43,54,79,103,112,141,154,201,205,281,325,338,343,379,394],"interventions":[10,351,396],"containing":[11],"Lactobacillus,":[12],"Bifidobacterium,":[13],"Saccharomyces,":[14],"Streptococcus,":[15],"Enterococcus,":[16],"and/or":[17],"Bacillus":[18],"strains":[19],"used":[20],"as":[21],"probiotic":[22,166,238,347,395],"agents":[23],"in":[24,83,118,257,311,346,358],"research":[25],"to":[26,59,241,302,329,372,388],"reduce":[27],"risk":[29,199,324],"of,":[30],"prevent,":[31],"or":[32,77,93,139,220,256,273],"treat":[33],"disease.":[34],"DATA":[35],"SOURCES:":[36],"We":[37,67,96],"searched":[38],"12":[39],"electronic":[40],"databases,":[41],"references":[42],"included":[44,117],"studies,":[45,123,349],"and":[46,101,146,159,177,313,340,350,374],"pertinent":[47],"reviews":[48],"for":[49,174],"studies":[50,70,115,135,156,251,265,292],"addressing":[51],"probiotics":[55,72],"from":[56],"database":[57],"inception":[58],"August":[60],"2010":[61],"without":[62,86],"language":[63],"restriction.":[64],"REVIEW":[65],"METHODS:":[66],"identified":[68,109],"intervention":[69,272,348],"on":[71,180,185,391],"that":[73,279,294],"reported":[74,136,179,186],"presence":[76,138],"absence":[78,140],"adverse":[80,104,143,147,182,187,207,222,226,304,326,344,368],"health":[81,298],"outcomes":[82],"human":[84],"participants,":[85],"restriction":[87],"by":[88],"study":[89],"design,":[90],"participant":[91,274],"type,":[92],"clinical":[94],"field.":[95],"investigated":[97,289],"quantity,":[99],"quality,":[100],"nature":[102],"events.":[105,144,183],"RESULTS:":[106],"The":[107,355],"search":[108],"11,977":[110],"publications,":[111,380],"which":[113],"622":[114],"were":[116,128,149],"review.":[120],"In":[121],"235":[122],"only":[124],"nonspecific":[125],"statements":[127],"made":[129],"(\"well":[130],"tolerated\");":[131],"remaining":[133],"387":[134],"specific":[142],"Interventions":[145],"events":[148,208,227,305,327,345,369],"poorly":[150,353],"documented.":[151,354],"A":[152],"number":[153,204,378],"case":[155],"described":[157],"fungemia":[158],"some":[160],"bacteremia":[161],"potentially":[162],"associated":[163,235,306],"with":[164,236,259,296,307,397],"administered":[165],"organisms.":[167],"Controlled":[168],"trials":[169,191],"did":[170,317],"not":[171,318,361,385],"monitor":[172],"routinely":[173],"such":[175],"infections":[176],"primarily":[178,252],"gastrointestinal":[181],"Based":[184],"events,":[188,223],"randomized":[189],"controlled":[190],"(RCTs)":[192],"showed":[193],"no":[194],"statistically":[195,321],"significantly":[196,322],"increased":[197,323,364],"relative":[198],"(RR)":[200],"overall":[203],"experienced":[206],"(RR":[209,228],"1.00;":[210],"95%":[211,230],"confidence":[212],"interval":[213],"[CI]:":[214],"0.93,":[215],"1.07,":[216],"p=0.999);":[217],"gastrointestinal;":[218],"infections;":[219],"other":[221,260],"including":[224],"serious":[225],"1.06;":[229],"CI:":[231],"0.97,":[232],"1.16;":[233],"p=0.201),":[234],"short-term":[237],"use":[239],"compared":[240,267,328],"control":[242,330],"group":[243,331],"participants;":[244],"long-term":[245],"effects":[246,280],"are":[247,299,352,370],"largely":[248],"unknown.":[249],"Existing":[250],"examined":[253],"Lactobacillus":[254],"alone":[255],"combination":[258],"genera,":[261],"often":[262],"Bifidobacterium.":[263],"Few":[264],"directly":[266],"among":[270],"different":[271],"characteristics.":[275],"Indirect":[276],"comparisons":[277],"indicated":[278],"delivery":[282],"vehicles":[283],"(e.g.,":[284],"yogurt,":[285],"dairy)":[286],"should":[287],"be":[288],"further.":[290],"Case":[291],"suggested":[293],"participants":[295,316],"compromised":[297],"most":[300],"likely":[301],"experience":[303],"probiotics.":[308],"However,":[309],"RCTs":[310,359],"medium-risk":[312],"critically":[314],"ill":[315],"report":[319],"a":[320,336],"participants.":[332],"CONCLUSIONS:":[333],"There":[334],"lack":[337],"assessment":[339],"systematic":[341],"reporting":[342],"available":[356],"evidence":[357],"does":[360],"indicate":[362],"an":[363],"risk;":[365],"however,":[366],"rare":[367],"difficult":[371],"assess,":[373],"despite":[375],"substantial":[377],"current":[382],"literature":[383],"well":[386],"equipped":[387],"answer":[389],"questions":[390],"confidence.":[398]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}