{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1897846672","doi":null,"title":"Examining the effectiveness of Quality Outcomes Framework targets using individual level data : an econometric analysis","display_name":"Examining the effectiveness of Quality Outcomes Framework targets using individual level data : an econometric analysis","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1897846672","mag":"1897846672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:28074","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28074/1/neilhewitt_etheses.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28074/1/neilhewitt_etheses.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis (University of Nottingham only)"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.nottingham.ac.uk/bitstreams/9105a879-ebe1-48e1-9955-5ab6299ba3e1/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009392562","display_name":"Neil Hewitt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neil Hewitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009392562"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11590","display_name":"Primary Care and Health Outcomes","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11590","display_name":"Primary Care and Health Outcomes","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14212","display_name":"Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12871","display_name":"Healthcare Quality and Management","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-and-outcomes-framework","display_name":"Quality and Outcomes Framework","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ischemic-heart-disease","display_name":"ischemic heart disease","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalization","display_name":"hospitalization","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure","display_name":"heart failure","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-deprivation","display_name":"socioeconomic deprivation","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/practice-performance","display_name":"practice performance","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-linkage","display_name":"data linkage","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-practice-research-datalink","display_name":"Clinical Practice Research Datalink","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-episode-statistics","display_name":"Hospital Episode Statistics","score":0.9980000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779485042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268769","display_name":"Quality and Outcomes Framework","level":3,"score":0.8997018337249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6036927103996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.3948192298412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984752397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259956","display_name":"Primary care","level":2,"score":0.3087995648384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.18502724170684814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:28074","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28074/1/neilhewitt_etheses.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28074/1/neilhewitt_etheses.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis (University of Nottingham only)"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nottingham.ac.uk:123456789/33862","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.nottingham.ac.uk/handle/123456789/33862","pdf_url":"https://repository.nottingham.ac.uk/bitstreams/9105a879-ebe1-48e1-9955-5ab6299ba3e1/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ethesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uilis.unsyiah.ac.id:17163","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://uilis.unsyiah.ac.id/opentheses/items/show/17163","pdf_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28074/1/neilhewitt_etheses.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196378","display_name":"UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187494767","host_organization_name":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187494767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis (University of Nottingham only)"},{"id":"mag:1897846672","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28074/1/neilhewitt_etheses.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nottingham.ac.uk:123456789/33862","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.nottingham.ac.uk/handle/123456789/33862","pdf_url":"https://repository.nottingham.ac.uk/bitstreams/9105a879-ebe1-48e1-9955-5ab6299ba3e1/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ethesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336046","display_name":"NIHR School for Primary Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03wz10q85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1897846672.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1897846672.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":101,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5860195","https://openalex.org/W21009403","https://openalex.org/W1494830226","https://openalex.org/W1508502335","https://openalex.org/W1534284290","https://openalex.org/W1549947319","https://openalex.org/W1550562788","https://openalex.org/W1554120975","https://openalex.org/W1884013288","https://openalex.org/W1965781018","https://openalex.org/W1968488874","https://openalex.org/W1969926175","https://openalex.org/W1976542701","https://openalex.org/W1977122622","https://openalex.org/W1979004369","https://openalex.org/W1979982600","https://openalex.org/W1984570159","https://openalex.org/W1995989292","https://openalex.org/W1996387976","https://openalex.org/W1997319171","https://openalex.org/W1998575808","https://openalex.org/W2003474533","https://openalex.org/W2009277654","https://openalex.org/W2009773761","https://openalex.org/W2009930118","https://openalex.org/W2010691204","https://openalex.org/W2015957719","https://openalex.org/W2018111431","https://openalex.org/W2023755744","https://openalex.org/W2023856034","https://openalex.org/W2026656909","https://openalex.org/W2027202673","https://openalex.org/W2027734937","https://openalex.org/W2028975603","https://openalex.org/W2036068914","https://openalex.org/W2036380571","https://openalex.org/W2039952703","https://openalex.org/W2040299162","https://openalex.org/W2040741120","https://openalex.org/W2047561434","https://openalex.org/W2050411686","https://openalex.org/W2054466400","https://openalex.org/W2054995207","https://openalex.org/W2057492507","https://openalex.org/W2062485229","https://openalex.org/W2063681798","https://openalex.org/W2064629725","https://openalex.org/W2064867072","https://openalex.org/W2069449125","https://openalex.org/W2069731972","https://openalex.org/W2073028009","https://openalex.org/W2077268598","https://openalex.org/W2077748588","https://openalex.org/W2085332819","https://openalex.org/W2085348691","https://openalex.org/W2087739687","https://openalex.org/W2088836117","https://openalex.org/W2089514489","https://openalex.org/W2091320415","https://openalex.org/W2091539754","https://openalex.org/W2096074908","https://openalex.org/W2097437350","https://openalex.org/W2104675861","https://openalex.org/W2107787519","https://openalex.org/W2109392254","https://openalex.org/W2110682837","https://openalex.org/W2114294933","https://openalex.org/W2114488753","https://openalex.org/W2118306924","https://openalex.org/W2120928047","https://openalex.org/W2121531737","https://openalex.org/W2122833169","https://openalex.org/W2124988683","https://openalex.org/W2126604202","https://openalex.org/W2127960841","https://openalex.org/W2128492927","https://openalex.org/W2131712380","https://openalex.org/W2135713398","https://openalex.org/W2135803349","https://openalex.org/W2136525626","https://openalex.org/W2137702135","https://openalex.org/W2139577519","https://openalex.org/W2141463574","https://openalex.org/W2149516335","https://openalex.org/W2152128818","https://openalex.org/W2152954169","https://openalex.org/W2154880957","https://openalex.org/W2155159583","https://openalex.org/W2157326912","https://openalex.org/W2166234248","https://openalex.org/W2169337270","https://openalex.org/W2170868743","https://openalex.org/W2177902262","https://openalex.org/W2188623598","https://openalex.org/W2329097669","https://openalex.org/W2417821978","https://openalex.org/W2419499423","https://openalex.org/W2991792334","https://openalex.org/W3090204075","https://openalex.org/W3123103792","https://openalex.org/W3126259158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4414794074","https://openalex.org/W2049701924","https://openalex.org/W2600345301","https://openalex.org/W2322652820","https://openalex.org/W2148219171","https://openalex.org/W2177902262","https://openalex.org/W2124432274","https://openalex.org/W1969926175","https://openalex.org/W6959542280","https://openalex.org/W2101579732"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"The":[1],"Quality":[2],"Outcomes":[3,96],"Framework":[4],"(QOF)":[5],"was":[6,128,171],"introduced":[7],"in":[8,26,178,197,206,224,229,257,268,274],"April":[9],"2004.":[10],"Research":[11,50],"to":[12,59,85,155,174,189,242,250],"date":[13],"has":[14,36,214,254,280],"primarily":[15],"looked":[16],"at":[17,69,216],"its":[18],"effects":[19],"on":[20,66,115,202],"process":[21],"and":[22,53,78,92,113,138,183,247,267,290],"surrogate":[23],"outcomes":[24,158,177],"measured":[25],"primary":[27,108],"care":[28],"rather":[29],"than":[30],"evidence":[31,90,139,221],"linked":[32,39,79,222,231],"hospital":[33,67,80,232],"admissions.":[34],"None":[35],"used":[37],"individual":[38,71,218],"data.":[40],"This":[41,212,253,278],"study":[42,186,213,241],"utilises":[43],"data":[44],"linkages":[45,249],"between":[46],"the":[47,61,70,86,107,116,119,135,165,203,217,225,239,275],"Clinical":[48],"Practice":[49],"Datalink":[51],"(CPRD)":[52],"Hospital":[54],"Episode":[55],"Statistics":[56],"(HES)":[57],"datasets":[58,285],"determine":[60],"impact":[62],"of":[63,88,94,118,245,263,295],"QOF":[64,76,142,151,226],"targets":[65,77,143,152,223],"admissions":[68,81,133,233],"patient":[72],"level":[73,219],"Methods":[74],"CHD":[75,141,150,190],"were":[82,97,121,153],"selected":[83,204],"according":[84],"strength":[87],"their":[89],"base":[91],"ease":[93],"extraction.":[95],"ICD10":[98],"codes":[99],"for":[100,297],"Ischaemic":[101],"Heart":[102,169],"Disease":[103],"(IHD).":[104],"These":[105],"formed":[106],"diagnosis":[109],"over":[110],"a":[111,160,185,198,235,258,293],"hospitalisation":[112],"depending":[114],"severity":[117],"code,":[120],"additionally":[122],"an":[123],"emergency":[124],"admission.":[125],"Econometric":[126],"analysis":[127],"then":[129],"undertaken":[130],"with":[131,234],"IHD":[132],"as":[134,144],"dependent":[136],"variable":[137],"based":[140,149],"explanatory":[145],"variables.":[146],"Results":[147],"Evidence":[148],"found":[154,173],"significantly":[156,175,192,208],"reduce":[157],"after":[159],"one":[161],"year":[162],"lag.":[163,236],"Of":[164],"co-morbidities":[166],"included,":[167],"only":[168],"Failure":[170],"consistently":[172],"increase":[176],"all":[179],"analyses.":[180],"Higher":[181],"deprivation,":[182],"having":[184],"outcome":[187],"prior":[188],"diagnosis,":[191],"increased":[193],"outcomes.":[194,210],"Being":[195],"treated":[196],"higher":[199],"performing":[200],"practice":[201],"targets,":[205],"itself,":[207],"reduced":[209],"Conclusion":[211],"demonstrated":[215,256],"that":[220,282],"are":[227],"effective":[228],"reducing":[230],"It":[237],"is":[238],"first":[240],"take":[243],"advantage":[244],"CPRD":[246],"HES":[248],"do":[251],"so.":[252],"been":[255],"\u2018real\u2019":[259],"world":[260],"setting,":[261],"outside":[262],"controlled":[264],"clinical":[265],"settings,":[266],"so":[269],"doing":[270],"addressed":[271],"deficiencies":[272],"identified":[273],"existing":[276],"research.":[277,299],"research":[279,289],"shown":[281],"large":[283],"administrative":[284],"can":[286],"support":[287],"such":[288],"opened":[291],"up":[292],"number":[294],"possibilities":[296],"future":[298]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
