{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1896942728","doi":null,"title":"HUMAN EAR CLASSIFICATION SCHEME BASED ON LOBULE CHAIN CODE AND HELIX DIMENSIONALITY","display_name":"HUMAN EAR CLASSIFICATION SCHEME BASED ON LOBULE CHAIN CODE AND HELIX DIMENSIONALITY","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1896942728","mag":"1896942728"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1896942728","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/2108/2039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764799362","display_name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","issn_l":"1857-7431","issn":["1857-7431","1857-7881"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800573","host_organization_name":"European Scientific Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800573"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Scientific Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/2108/2039","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006461670","display_name":"Ugbaga Nkole Ifeanyi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ifeanyi Nkole Ugbaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031136250","display_name":"Ghazali Sulong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghazali Sulong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3624,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65684647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"33","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.6859999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.6859999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.17659999430179596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.03220000118017197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain-code","display_name":"chain code","score":0.9449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93058836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1453572","display_name":"Chain code","level":3,"score":0.8726909160614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992441837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7362","display_name":"Human ear","level":2,"score":0.7339327335357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.7178084254264832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.6521536111831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6098648309707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5954502820968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5803457498550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89246107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1398821","display_name":"Rule of thumb","level":2,"score":0.5645481944084167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5369524955749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13460635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85753676","display_name":"Classification scheme","level":2,"score":0.5273260474205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5044969320297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.5040675401687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46939462423324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.32158130407333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3015839457511902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26041537523269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23516380786895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1327604353427887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0681982934474945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1896942728","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/2108/2039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764799362","display_name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","issn_l":"1857-7431","issn":["1857-7431","1857-7881"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800573","host_organization_name":"European Scientific Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800573"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Scientific Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:1896942728","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/2108/2039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764799362","display_name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","issn_l":"1857-7431","issn":["1857-7431","1857-7881"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800573","host_organization_name":"European Scientific Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800573"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Scientific Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117786379","https://openalex.org/W1599801103","https://openalex.org/W1669383326","https://openalex.org/W1764706090","https://openalex.org/W1918005971","https://openalex.org/W1995825682","https://openalex.org/W2031937816","https://openalex.org/W2317401341","https://openalex.org/W2332656743","https://openalex.org/W2992094074"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2737362706","https://openalex.org/W2621607413","https://openalex.org/W3210222793","https://openalex.org/W2782923611","https://openalex.org/W2094082570","https://openalex.org/W177797125","https://openalex.org/W2371534437","https://openalex.org/W2018713546","https://openalex.org/W2339638704","https://openalex.org/W2387660006"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,97],"human":[4],"ear":[5,11,54,61],"classification":[6,21,88],"approach":[7],"which":[8,23,76,95],"uses":[9,77],"the":[10,17,46,53,60,66,70,78,86,91,100,107,113],"image":[12],"contour":[13,55],"was":[14],"proposed.":[15],"Basically,":[16],"scheme":[18],"has":[19],"four":[20],"groups":[22],"are":[24],"based":[25,64],"on":[26,65],"only":[27],"two":[28],"concepts":[29],"namely:":[30],"Chain":[31],"code":[32,48,67],"(Lobed":[33],"and":[34,37,42,103,119],"Lobeless":[35],"Ear)":[36],"Dimensionality":[38],"of":[39,69,80,99,109],"Helix":[40,92],"(Big":[41],"Small":[43],"Ear).":[44],"Using":[45],"chain":[47],"feature":[49],"vectors":[50],"extracted":[51],"from":[52],"after":[56],"necessary":[57],"pre-processing":[58],"activities,":[59],"were":[62,96],"classified":[63],"pattern":[68],"last":[71],"twenty":[72],"or":[73],"fifteen":[74],"codes":[75],"rule":[79],"thumb":[81],"classifier":[82],"we":[83],"built.":[84],"Similarly,":[85],"second":[87],"process":[89],"implored":[90],"dimensional":[93],"features":[94],"product":[98],"Angular":[101],"Points":[102],"landmark":[104],"space,":[105],"using":[106],"Square":[108],"Sum":[110],"Difference.":[111],"Therefore,":[112],"experimental":[114],"result":[115],"showed":[116],"about":[117],"94.80%":[118],"92.20%":[120],"accuracy":[121],"respectively.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
