{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1896450477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12036","title":"VI. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): MEASURING PROCESSING SPEED","display_name":"VI. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): MEASURING PROCESSING SPEED","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1896450477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12036","mag":"1896450477","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23952204","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4425122"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/mono.12036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24859740","display_name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","issn_l":"0037-976X","issn":["0037-976X","1540-5834"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4425122","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059933612","display_name":"Noelle E. Carlozzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-9429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-9429"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Noelle E Carlozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078472233","display_name":"David S. Tulsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4335-4509","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4335-4509"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David S Tulsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes and Assessment Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes and Assessment Research","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032049040","display_name":"Robert V. Kail","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert V Kail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes and Assessment Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes and Assessment Research","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025063215","display_name":"Jennifer L. Beaumont","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1484-260X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1484-260X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer L Beaumont","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes and Assessment Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes and Assessment Research","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059933612"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3240,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3240},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6018,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91443769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"4","first_page":"88","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.9115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.9115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.062199998646974564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.013000000268220901,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nih-toolbox-cognition-battery","display_name":"NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processing-speed","display_name":"processing speed","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-retest-reliability","display_name":"test-retest reliability","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergent-validity","display_name":"convergent validity","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant-validity","display_name":"discriminant validity","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-score","display_name":"composite score","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-time","display_name":"reaction time","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-assessment","display_name":"cognitive assessment","score":0.6980000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7330018877983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.7153139114379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777655017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501161","display_name":"Toolbox","level":2,"score":0.697580099105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6052789688110352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4713572859764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.39382365345954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2537250220775604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15686219930648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0855831503868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007600","descriptor_name":"Judgment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009316","descriptor_name":"National Institutes of Health (U.S.)","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/mono.12036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24859740","display_name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","issn_l":"0037-976X","issn":["0037-976X","1540-5834"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23952204","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23952204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3387435","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4425122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4425122","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4425122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Monogr Soc Res Child Dev","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3387435","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4425122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G550469103","display_name":"NIH TOLL BOX FOR ASSESSMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL ","funder_award_id":"n01ag60007-17-0-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7931735371","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N01 AG060007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W567486589","https://openalex.org/W1958019198","https://openalex.org/W1969984092","https://openalex.org/W1972607776","https://openalex.org/W1973562248","https://openalex.org/W1978655699","https://openalex.org/W1992214296","https://openalex.org/W1998799283","https://openalex.org/W2000399989","https://openalex.org/W2014883692","https://openalex.org/W2019565508","https://openalex.org/W2023092959","https://openalex.org/W2033674714","https://openalex.org/W2036948051","https://openalex.org/W2037565912","https://openalex.org/W2037906338","https://openalex.org/W2040324172","https://openalex.org/W2042324638","https://openalex.org/W2049477777","https://openalex.org/W2054047463","https://openalex.org/W2057259407","https://openalex.org/W2077278340","https://openalex.org/W2078159416","https://openalex.org/W2101926792","https://openalex.org/W2125979541","https://openalex.org/W2285468340","https://openalex.org/W2786157445","https://openalex.org/W3049488727","https://openalex.org/W4237015683","https://openalex.org/W4243369571","https://openalex.org/W4244991845","https://openalex.org/W4299602173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2113004895","https://openalex.org/W2215325240","https://openalex.org/W2112494377","https://openalex.org/W4413467743","https://openalex.org/W4375844267","https://openalex.org/W2131189012","https://openalex.org/W2767064111","https://openalex.org/W4405886757","https://openalex.org/W1967348831","https://openalex.org/W3172286834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"chapter":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,107],"the":[4,19,27,30,65,69,90,93,108,123,144],"Toolbox":[5,21,70,109,125,145],"Pattern":[6,71,110,146],"Comparison":[7,72,111,147],"Processing":[8,73,112,130,148],"Speed":[9,74,113,131,149],"Test,":[10],"which":[11],"was":[12,79],"developed":[13],"to":[14,63,152,166],"assess":[15],"processing":[16,54,99],"speed":[17],"within":[18],"NIH":[20,124],"Cognition":[22],"Battery":[23],"(CB).":[24],"We":[25],"describe":[26],"development":[28],"of":[29,53,68,92,98,118,156,178],"test,":[31],"highlighting":[32],"its":[33],"utility":[34,91],"in":[35,140],"children.":[36],"In":[37],"addition,":[38],"we":[39],"examine":[40],"descriptive":[41],"data,":[42],"test-retest":[43,77],"reliability,":[44],"validity,":[45,172],"and":[46,84,104,161,164,168],"preliminary":[47],"work":[48],"creating":[49],"a":[50,96,129,154,179],"composite":[51,180],"index":[52],"speed.":[55,100],"Results":[56],"indicated":[57,127],"that":[58,128],"most":[59],"children":[60],"were":[61],"able":[62],"understand":[64],"basic":[66],"concepts":[67],"Test.":[75],"Further,":[76],"reliability":[78],"excellent.":[80],"Analyses":[81],"examining":[82],"convergent":[83],"discriminant":[85],"validity":[86],"provided":[87],"support":[88],"for":[89],"test":[94,138],"as":[95,176],"measure":[97],"Finally,":[101],"analyses":[102],"comparing":[103],"combining":[105],"scores":[106],"Test":[114,150],"with":[115],"other":[116],"measures":[117],"simple":[119],"reaction":[120],"time":[121],"from":[122],"CB":[126],"Composite":[132],"score":[133],"performed":[134],"better":[135],"than":[136],"any":[137],"examined":[139],"isolation.":[141],"Taken":[142],"together,":[143],"appears":[151],"exhibit":[153],"number":[155],"strengths:":[157],"it":[158],"is":[159],"child-friendly":[160],"engaging,":[162],"short":[163],"easy":[165],"administer,":[167],"has":[169],"good":[170],"construct":[171],"especially":[173],"when":[174],"used":[175],"part":[177],"score.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}