{"id":"https://openalex.org/W189617024","doi":null,"title":"Trade liberalization and the role of Non-tariffs Barriers to International Trade","display_name":"Trade liberalization and the role of Non-tariffs Barriers to International Trade","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W189617024","mag":"189617024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/552977","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/552977","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/552977","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dept. of Economics, Doctoral dissertations, 2010.","raw_type":"thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/552977","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068837821","display_name":"Jos\u00e9\u2010Daniel Reyes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Daniel Reyes","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068837821"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11552","display_name":"Global trade, sustainability, and social impact","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-tariff-barriers","display_name":"non-tariff barriers","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-liberalization","display_name":"trade liberalization","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antidumping-law","display_name":"antidumping law","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-developing-countries","display_name":"small developing countries","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bound-tariffs","display_name":"bound tariffs","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-differentiation","display_name":"product differentiation","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-devices","display_name":"electronic devices","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonization-of-standards","display_name":"standard harmonization","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravity-model","display_name":"gravity model","score":0.4180000126361847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.7079131007194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.6951820254325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182769425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377302","display_name":"Trade barrier","level":2,"score":0.6401021480560303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35532855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200435","display_name":"Free trade","level":2,"score":0.6376792788505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506295513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729438","display_name":"Economic integration","level":2,"score":0.4773595333099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4748033583164215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58823610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418","display_name":"Liberalization","level":2,"score":0.42511314153671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5335686","display_name":"International free trade agreement","level":3,"score":0.4242745637893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140413371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572564","display_name":"Commercial policy","level":2,"score":0.4155960977077484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.38260677456855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0430702269077301}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/552977","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/552977","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/552977","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dept. of Economics, Doctoral dissertations, 2010.","raw_type":"thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.984.8320","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.984.8320","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/552977/reyesJose.pdf%3Bjsessionid%3D7E931341CE83C385AB25E821D2032324?sequence%3D1","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:189617024","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/10822/552977/1/reyesJose.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/552977","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/552977","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/552977","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dept. of Economics, Doctoral dissertations, 2010.","raw_type":"thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6207000017166138,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W189617024.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W189617024.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28196072","https://openalex.org/W82619501","https://openalex.org/W611049301","https://openalex.org/W1514536376","https://openalex.org/W1523926003","https://openalex.org/W1529373698","https://openalex.org/W1534251271","https://openalex.org/W1563485600","https://openalex.org/W1572199238","https://openalex.org/W1589207573","https://openalex.org/W1604068936","https://openalex.org/W1840907857","https://openalex.org/W1904360629","https://openalex.org/W1981853159","https://openalex.org/W1984496717","https://openalex.org/W1989904125","https://openalex.org/W2005116784","https://openalex.org/W2024421861","https://openalex.org/W2029653792","https://openalex.org/W2038343005","https://openalex.org/W2041849234","https://openalex.org/W2075155423","https://openalex.org/W2078770769","https://openalex.org/W2086743118","https://openalex.org/W2097415784","https://openalex.org/W2099951346","https://openalex.org/W2100130392","https://openalex.org/W2108456737","https://openalex.org/W2112745077","https://openalex.org/W2126230473","https://openalex.org/W2139122730","https://openalex.org/W2161962503","https://openalex.org/W2164215645","https://openalex.org/W2234884186","https://openalex.org/W2275267234","https://openalex.org/W2301321055","https://openalex.org/W2340004118","https://openalex.org/W2890139870","https://openalex.org/W3022655428","https://openalex.org/W3023875755","https://openalex.org/W3121400111","https://openalex.org/W3121794982","https://openalex.org/W3122224775","https://openalex.org/W3122800944","https://openalex.org/W3122837923","https://openalex.org/W3124483634","https://openalex.org/W3126096635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6987727627","https://openalex.org/W7073637528","https://openalex.org/W3125342176","https://openalex.org/W2300424406","https://openalex.org/W2261916799","https://openalex.org/W4312419014","https://openalex.org/W1975485494","https://openalex.org/W2954955873","https://openalex.org/W1897058120","https://openalex.org/W4241208988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,44,111],"dissertation":[1],"studies":[2],"two":[3],"Non-tariffs":[4],"Barriers":[5],"to":[6,13,22,82,152,170,182],"International":[7],"Trade":[8],"(NTBs)":[9],"as":[10],"they":[11],"relate":[12],"trade":[14,53,84],"liberalizations.":[15],"Chapter":[16],"1":[17],"develops":[18],"a":[19,49,107,141,167,186],"theoretical":[20],"model":[21,169],"explain":[23],"the":[24,28,63,71,90,98,114,120,124,127,154],"observed":[25],"heterogeneity":[26,112],"in":[27,37,59,70,113],"adoption":[29,115],"of":[30,40,52,92,123,129,146,156,158],"antidumping":[31],"laws":[32],"by":[33,119],"small":[34],"developing":[35],"countries":[36],"an":[38],"environment":[39],"multilat-eral":[41],"tariff":[42],"reduction.":[43],"analysis":[45],"is":[46,68,97,117],"based":[47],"on":[48,161,191],"three-stage":[50],"game":[51],"policy":[54],"determination":[55],"with":[56],"imperfect":[57],"competition":[58],"differentiated":[60],"products":[61,178],"where":[62,76],"potential":[64],"lobby":[65],"for":[66,149,176],"protection":[67],"reflected":[69],"government\u2019s":[72,99],"objective":[73],"function":[74],"and":[75,132,188],"tariffs":[77,105],"may":[78],"be":[79],"bound":[80,104],"due":[81],"multilateral":[83,103],"agreements.":[85],"This":[86],"framework":[87],"implies":[88],"that":[89,172,179],"implementation":[91],"this":[93],"administrative":[94],"protec-tion":[95],"device":[96],"best":[100],"response":[101],"when":[102],"reach":[106],"sufficiently":[108],"low":[109],"threshold.":[110],"decision":[116],"explained":[118],"relative":[121],"size":[122],"domestic":[125],"market,":[126],"degree":[128],"product":[130,159],"differentiation,":[131],"political":[133],"economy":[134],"motives.":[135],"In":[136],"chapter":[137],"2,":[138],"I":[139],"develop":[140],"new":[142],"World":[143],"Bank":[144],"database":[145],"European":[147,162,173],"standards":[148,160,175,184],"electronic":[150,177],"prod-ucts":[151],"study":[153],"impact":[155],"harmonization":[157],"Union":[163,174],"imports.":[164],"We":[165],"employ":[166],"gravity":[168],"conclude":[171],"are":[180],"harmonized":[181],"international":[183],"have":[185],"positive":[187],"significant":[189],"effect":[190],"trade.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}