{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1893428808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000075","title":"No Measure Is Perfect, but Some Measures Can be Quite Useful","display_name":"No Measure Is Perfect, but Some Measures Can be Quite Useful","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1893428808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000075","mag":"1893428808","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20413376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199869","display_name":"Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Experimentelle Psychologie)","issn_l":"0949-3964","issn":["0949-3964","1618-3169","2190-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319871","host_organization_name":"Hogrefe Verlag","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319871"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hogrefe Verlag"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Experimental Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034477399","display_name":"Anthony G. Greenwald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6865-8552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6865-8552"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony G. Greenwald","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"N. Sriram","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Sriram","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9058,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92033533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"3","first_page":"238","last_page":"242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.4724000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.4724000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.4542999863624573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.01850000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brief-implicit-association-test","display_name":"Brief Implicit Association Test","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct-validity","display_name":"construct validity","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implicit-associations","display_name":"implicit associations","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/associative-strength","display_name":"associative strength","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-networks","display_name":"semantic networks","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-manipulation","display_name":"experimental manipulation","score":0.6100000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7660197019577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779778163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774081","display_name":"Implicit-association test","level":2,"score":0.6843923330307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.6780255436897278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6431056261062622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5521600246429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174106493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057880","display_name":"External validity","level":2,"score":0.5430031418800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5419813394546509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5184451937675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5150734782218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45964550971984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.42519938945770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.33027184009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.2229282259941101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13888275623321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.12547722458839417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.07466068863868713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001245","descriptor_name":"Association Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002755","descriptor_name":"Choice Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007389","descriptor_name":"Internal-External Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011287","descriptor_name":"Prejudice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011594","descriptor_name":"Psychometrics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013240","descriptor_name":"Stereotyping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054928","descriptor_name":"Validation Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199869","display_name":"Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Experimentelle Psychologie)","issn_l":"0949-3964","issn":["0949-3964","1618-3169","2190-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319871","host_organization_name":"Hogrefe Verlag","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319871"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hogrefe Verlag"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Experimental Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20413376","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20413376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Experimental psychology","raw_type":"Comment"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.300.1241","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.300.1241","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://faculty.washington.edu/agg/pdf/Gwald%26Sriram%28reply%29.EP.2010.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2557138295","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://faculty.washington.edu/agg/pdf/Gwald&Sriram(reply).EP.2010.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576538245","https://openalex.org/W1924567111","https://openalex.org/W1987472518","https://openalex.org/W2024179592","https://openalex.org/W2024509488","https://openalex.org/W2036335035","https://openalex.org/W2042238570","https://openalex.org/W2043580549","https://openalex.org/W2057546642","https://openalex.org/W2076879021","https://openalex.org/W2080820045","https://openalex.org/W2087212273","https://openalex.org/W2088613996","https://openalex.org/W2090617812","https://openalex.org/W2110777095","https://openalex.org/W2111140699","https://openalex.org/W2113345771","https://openalex.org/W2140336193","https://openalex.org/W2140534852","https://openalex.org/W2163440546","https://openalex.org/W2166226752","https://openalex.org/W2321785553","https://openalex.org/W2402372859"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100727301","https://openalex.org/W1576538245","https://openalex.org/W2113345771","https://openalex.org/W2140336193","https://openalex.org/W2036335035","https://openalex.org/W4405625471","https://openalex.org/W7098191194","https://openalex.org/W4252978063","https://openalex.org/W2354571866","https://openalex.org/W2292649444"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"comment":[1],"articles":[2],"in":[3,97,109,114],"this":[4,57,117],"issue":[5],"by":[6,12,46],"Friese":[7],"and":[8,11,14,62],"Fiedler":[9],"(F&F)":[10],"Rothermund":[13],"Wentura":[15],"(R&W)":[16],"offer":[17],"perspectives":[18],"on":[19,71],"the":[20,23,40,80,88,98,124,132],"validity":[21,38,134],"of":[22,39,74,79,82,100,104,120,123],"Brief":[24],"Implicit":[25],"Association":[26],"Test":[27],"(BIAT)":[28],"(Sriram":[29],"&":[30],"Greenwald,":[31],"2009;":[32],"S&G).":[33],"F&F":[34],"concluded":[35],"that":[36,49,56,106,126],"construct":[37],"BIAT":[41,89],"can":[42],"be":[43],"established":[44],"only":[45],"conducting":[47],"studies":[48],"experimentally":[50],"manipulate":[51],"association":[52,95,105],"strengths.":[53],"We":[54],"suggest":[55],"conclusion":[58],"overvalues":[59],"experimental":[60],"strategies":[61],"undervalues":[63],"correlational":[64],"validation":[65],"strategies.":[66],"R&W's":[67],"critique":[68],"was":[69],"predicated":[70],"their":[72],"use":[73],"a":[75,91,101],"semantic-network":[76],"theoretical":[77],"understanding":[78,119],"concept":[81,103],"association.":[83],"In":[84],"contrast,":[85],"S&G":[86],"offered":[87],"as":[90,129,138],"technique":[92],"for":[93],"measuring":[94],"strengths":[96],"context":[99],"broader":[102,118],"has":[107],"roots":[108],"antiquity--and":[110],"remains":[111],"widely":[112],"used":[113],"psychology.":[115],"With":[116],"association,":[121],"some":[122],"phenomena":[125],"R&W":[127],"treated":[128],"threats":[130],"to":[131,140],"BIAT's":[133],"are":[135],"viewed,":[136],"instead,":[137],"contributors":[139],"its":[141],"validity.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}