{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1887925065","doi":null,"title":"Sexual orientation as a risk factor for depressive symptoms in a population-based sample of California males : analysis of the 2009 California Health Interview Survey","display_name":"Sexual orientation as a risk factor for depressive symptoms in a population-based sample of California males : analysis of the 2009 California Health Interview Survey","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1887925065","mag":"1887925065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.calstate.edu:10211.10/1682","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10211.10/1682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064448","display_name":"California State University ScholarWorks (system-wide DSpace)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007161539","display_name":"Justin Luke Curole","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Justin Luke Curole","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007161539"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10156","display_name":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10156","display_name":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-orientation","display_name":"sexual orientation","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depressive-symptoms","display_name":"depressive symptoms","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gay-and-bisexual-men","display_name":"gay and bisexual men","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-minority-mental-health","display_name":"sexual minority mental health","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-disparities","display_name":"mental health disparities","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/california-health-interview-survey","display_name":"California Health Interview Survey","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kessler-k6","display_name":"Kessler K6","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/california","display_name":"California","score":0.34299999475479126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777997956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17888","display_name":"Sexual orientation","level":2,"score":0.8657034635543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6517038345336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6343867182731628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.6016961932182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.5405745506286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.496084064245224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.4736032485961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45346394181251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778973849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q589656","display_name":"Sexual minority","level":3,"score":0.44661328196525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4432612657546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777126965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880710","display_name":"Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System","level":3,"score":0.43176668882369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.4303598701953888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3417970538139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.19352039694786072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1522921919822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.calstate.edu:10211.10/1682","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10211.10/1682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064448","display_name":"California State University ScholarWorks (system-wide DSpace)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:1887925065","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarworks.calstate.edu/handle/10211.10/1682","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4074000120162964,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":148,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35815809","https://openalex.org/W96736588","https://openalex.org/W102170264","https://openalex.org/W119793660","https://openalex.org/W182609314","https://openalex.org/W580869516","https://openalex.org/W1485754039","https://openalex.org/W1501455404","https://openalex.org/W1558877490","https://openalex.org/W1564173202","https://openalex.org/W1584357728","https://openalex.org/W1594975032","https://openalex.org/W1627766864","https://openalex.org/W1831475266","https://openalex.org/W1861579175","https://openalex.org/W1892403428","https://openalex.org/W1966248562","https://openalex.org/W1969138649","https://openalex.org/W1969738008","https://openalex.org/W1969827839","https://openalex.org/W1974328734","https://openalex.org/W1974870217","https://openalex.org/W1975153184","https://openalex.org/W1977050038","https://openalex.org/W1977158773","https://openalex.org/W1977325732","https://openalex.org/W1980077542","https://openalex.org/W1982097224","https://openalex.org/W1983594792","https://openalex.org/W1985880269","https://openalex.org/W1987427854","https://openalex.org/W1988608170","https://openalex.org/W1990521373","https://openalex.org/W1992610042","https://openalex.org/W1992839310","https://openalex.org/W1993957140","https://openalex.org/W1995141623","https://openalex.org/W1995232255","https://openalex.org/W2001310434","https://openalex.org/W2003285658","https://openalex.org/W2005980282","https://openalex.org/W2006624861","https://openalex.org/W2007795134","https://openalex.org/W2008692130","https://openalex.org/W2009677033","https://openalex.org/W2009998792","https://openalex.org/W2010783119","https://openalex.org/W2011118679","https://openalex.org/W2012557518","https://openalex.org/W2015907576","https://openalex.org/W2017713202","https://openalex.org/W2018833360","https://openalex.org/W2018952112","https://openalex.org/W2019633305","https://openalex.org/W2020607346","https://openalex.org/W2021025118","https://openalex.org/W2023585167","https://openalex.org/W2023962999","https://openalex.org/W2024222895","https://openalex.org/W2024414446","https://openalex.org/W2024889207","https://openalex.org/W2028932780","https://openalex.org/W2034300796","https://openalex.org/W2035050588","https://openalex.org/W2036436550","https://openalex.org/W2037608124","https://openalex.org/W2039550369","https://openalex.org/W2041626344","https://openalex.org/W2043326224","https://openalex.org/W2044044141","https://openalex.org/W2044638040","https://openalex.org/W2049576475","https://openalex.org/W2051979792","https://openalex.org/W2053176793","https://openalex.org/W2055683864","https://openalex.org/W2056011836","https://openalex.org/W2056786900","https://openalex.org/W2059596947","https://openalex.org/W2060404644","https://openalex.org/W2061207855","https://openalex.org/W2061469903","https://openalex.org/W2064734504","https://openalex.org/W2066709094","https://openalex.org/W2072155834","https://openalex.org/W2076185346","https://openalex.org/W2078959207","https://openalex.org/W2079317701","https://openalex.org/W2080056733","https://openalex.org/W2081178199","https://openalex.org/W2081624343","https://openalex.org/W2083274461","https://openalex.org/W2083453232","https://openalex.org/W2085383648","https://openalex.org/W2085604578","https://openalex.org/W2087625744","https://openalex.org/W2092190213","https://openalex.org/W2094417855","https://openalex.org/W2096509277","https://openalex.org/W2097934332","https://openalex.org/W2097960714","https://openalex.org/W2098024769","https://openalex.org/W2098647237","https://openalex.org/W2099085245","https://openalex.org/W2103342997","https://openalex.org/W2103526038","https://openalex.org/W2105052281","https://openalex.org/W2106627000","https://openalex.org/W2110583228","https://openalex.org/W2115830594","https://openalex.org/W2116442861","https://openalex.org/W2118135510","https://openalex.org/W2118826874","https://openalex.org/W2119700695","https://openalex.org/W2120145419","https://openalex.org/W2121328455","https://openalex.org/W2125412895","https://openalex.org/W2125568653","https://openalex.org/W2126707150","https://openalex.org/W2128394244","https://openalex.org/W2129395883","https://openalex.org/W2129766544","https://openalex.org/W2130577601","https://openalex.org/W2132406025","https://openalex.org/W2133151655","https://openalex.org/W2134147070","https://openalex.org/W2137296158","https://openalex.org/W2139504512","https://openalex.org/W2141276293","https://openalex.org/W2142039787","https://openalex.org/W2144848288","https://openalex.org/W2147816526","https://openalex.org/W2150241429","https://openalex.org/W2152091834","https://openalex.org/W2152386281","https://openalex.org/W2155845082","https://openalex.org/W2157096064","https://openalex.org/W2161081498","https://openalex.org/W2165626243","https://openalex.org/W2165895785","https://openalex.org/W2166403038","https://openalex.org/W2166552363","https://openalex.org/W2167044045","https://openalex.org/W2167743771","https://openalex.org/W2167752770","https://openalex.org/W2322400678","https://openalex.org/W2409665779","https://openalex.org/W2475251430","https://openalex.org/W2756048949"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2343783861","https://openalex.org/W4206236115","https://openalex.org/W2803014519","https://openalex.org/W3173518744","https://openalex.org/W4302354743","https://openalex.org/W2593018605","https://openalex.org/W3082483382","https://openalex.org/W2900407611","https://openalex.org/W4321453865","https://openalex.org/W4249029207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65,134,152,170],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,12,20,25,50,83,96,110,146,204,230,242],"this":[3],"study":[4],"was":[5,159,244],"to":[6,40,115],"estimate":[7],"the":[8,41,45,72,84,100,141,189,217,286],"prevalence":[9,112,155],"and":[10,27,81,121,161,177,185,280,285],"correlates":[11],"depressive":[13],"symptoms":[14],"(DS)":[15],"in":[16,38,53,62,132,188,216,275,283,308],"a":[17,23,195],"population-based":[18,87],"sample":[19],"men":[21],"(including":[22],"subpopulation":[24],"gay":[26,164],"bisexual":[28,157,248],"men,":[29],"GBM).":[30],"Historically,":[31],"researchers":[32,302],"have":[33],"not":[34,60],"examined":[35],"mental":[36,122,305],"health":[37,75,123,298,306],"GBM":[39,103],"same":[42],"extent":[43],"as":[44,125,127],"heterosexual":[46,116,168,208,234,263],"population.":[47],"This":[48,93,269],"lack":[49],"research":[51,270,290],"exists":[52],"part":[54],"because":[55],"sexual":[56,91,183,294,309],"orientation":[57,184,295],"is":[58,71,138],"generally":[59],"captured":[61],"large-scale":[63],"surveys.":[64],"California":[66,284],"Health":[67],"Interview":[68],"Survey":[69],"(CHIS)":[70],"nation's":[73],"largest":[74],"survey":[76],"(N":[77],"=":[78],"47,236,":[79],"unweighted),":[80],"one":[82],"few":[85],"cross-sectional":[86],"surveys":[88,299],"that":[89,175,301],"collects":[90],"orientation.":[92],"secondary":[94],"analysis":[95],"CHIS":[97],"data":[98],"had":[99,179,194,221,256],"following":[101],"hypothesis:":[102],"(analyzed":[104],"separately)":[105],"will":[106],"show":[107],"higher":[108,149,202,228,257],"rates":[109],"DS":[111,137,154,206,232,243,260],"when":[113],"compared":[114],"men.":[117],"Sexual":[118],"orientation,":[119],"general":[120],"variables":[124,296],"well":[126],"standard":[128],"demographics":[129],"were":[130],"included":[131],"analysis.":[133],"outcome":[135],"variable":[136],"based":[139],"on":[140,297],"K6":[142],"scale,":[143],"with":[144,182],"scores":[145],"13":[147],"or":[148],"defining":[150],"DS.":[151,186],"30-day":[153],"for":[156,163,212,238,246,259,267],"males":[158,165,215,235,249,264],"6.52%,":[160],"1.41%":[162],"(vs.":[166],"3.1%":[167],"males).":[169],"final":[171],"multivariate":[172],"model":[173],"indicated":[174],"age":[176,192,219],"race":[178],"significant":[180],"interactions":[181],"Males":[187],"18-":[190],"24":[191],"group":[193,220],"8.05":[196],"(95%":[197,223],"CI:":[198,224,253],"1.917,":[199],"33.801)":[200],"times":[201,227],"odds":[203,229],"reporting":[205,231],"than":[207,233,261],"males,":[209],"after":[210,236,265],"adjusting":[211,237,266],"covariates.":[213,239,268],"Bisexual":[214],"40-64+":[218],"6.96":[222],"2.223,":[225],"21.774)":[226],"Significant":[240],"risk":[241,258],"found":[245],"White":[247,262],"(OR":[250],"7.51,":[251],"95%":[252],"1.9166,":[254],"33.8011);":[255],"has":[271],"important":[272],"practical":[273],"implications":[274],"psychiatric":[276],"public":[277,281],"health,":[278],"planning":[279],"policy":[282],"United":[287],"States.":[288],"Future":[289],"should":[291],"routinely":[292],"collect":[293],"so":[300],"can":[303],"quantify":[304],"disparities":[307],"minority":[310],"populations.":[311]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}