{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1886974112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.07.003","title":"Mapping the global flow of tungsten to identify key material efficiency and supply security opportunities","display_name":"Mapping the global flow of tungsten to identify key material efficiency and supply security opportunities","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1886974112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.07.003","mag":"1886974112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.07.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.07.003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.07.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18051569","display_name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","issn_l":"0921-3449","issn":["0921-3449","1879-0658"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251105","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077507175","display_name":"David R. Leal-Ayala","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David R. Leal-Ayala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Low Carbon Materials Processing Group, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Low Carbon Materials Processing Group, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089742916","display_name":"Julian M. Allwood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0931-3831","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0931-3831"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julian M. Allwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Low Carbon Materials Processing Group, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Low Carbon Materials Processing Group, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041038885","display_name":"Evi Petavratzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0528-8237","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0528-8237"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139290333","display_name":"British Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/04a7gbp98","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139290333","https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I4210087105"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evi Petavratzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139290333"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063904231","display_name":"Teresa J. Brown","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139290333","display_name":"British Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/04a7gbp98","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139290333","https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I4210087105"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teresa J. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139290333"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000588006","display_name":"Gus Gunn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139290333","display_name":"British Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/04a7gbp98","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139290333","https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I4210087105"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gus Gunn","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139290333"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089742916"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":{"value":5270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5270},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7108,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":119,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97354114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"103","issue":null,"first_page":"19","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.9429000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.9429000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12643","display_name":"Sustainability and Ecological Systems Analysis","score":0.021199999377131462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11933","display_name":"Mining and Resource Management","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tungsten","display_name":"tungsten","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-material-flows","display_name":"global material flows","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-of-supply","display_name":"supply security","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/material-efficiency","display_name":"material efficiency","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-flow-analysis","display_name":"mass flow analysis","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tungsten-recycling","display_name":"tungsten recycling","score":0.6869999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.7857770919799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116399919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1770543","display_name":"Material flow analysis","level":2,"score":0.630517840385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542268612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743","display_name":"Tungsten","level":2,"score":0.6261297464370728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183906286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4284762","display_name":"Material flow","level":2,"score":0.4857978820800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.44550102949142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4445106089115143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4165405035018921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.37337344884872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.2105928361415863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18387481570243835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.17612388730049133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13595089316368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.09801799058914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0940786600112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.07.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.07.003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.07.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18051569","display_name":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","issn_l":"0921-3449","issn":["0921-3449","1879-0658"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:512341","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/512341/1/-Mapping%20the%20Global%20Flow%20of%20Tungsten%20%20vRCR%20FINAL28May.pdf","pdf_url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/512341/1/-Mapping%20the%20Global%20Flow%20of%20Tungsten%20%20vRCR%20FINAL28May.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400758","display_name":"NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141816643","host_organization_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Publication - Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/251105","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:recore:v:103:y:2015:i:c:p:19-28","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344915300367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:699680","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.eng.cam.ac.uk/699680/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922847","display_name":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/251105","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5347539443","display_name":"Critical Metals - Science for a Secure Supply","funder_award_id":"NE/J006475/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7985670133","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"bgs05010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119445679","https://openalex.org/W180419738","https://openalex.org/W767043210","https://openalex.org/W1498239606","https://openalex.org/W1576200453","https://openalex.org/W1975340996","https://openalex.org/W1978331210","https://openalex.org/W1980947684","https://openalex.org/W1995108025","https://openalex.org/W2012152909","https://openalex.org/W2029442230","https://openalex.org/W2033744149","https://openalex.org/W2047324120","https://openalex.org/W2048753628","https://openalex.org/W2048918519","https://openalex.org/W2062834486","https://openalex.org/W2070926588","https://openalex.org/W2072955551","https://openalex.org/W2074930179","https://openalex.org/W2078713651","https://openalex.org/W2088534417","https://openalex.org/W2101416866","https://openalex.org/W2111494859","https://openalex.org/W2159273967","https://openalex.org/W2317339898","https://openalex.org/W2330414560","https://openalex.org/W2525592520","https://openalex.org/W2878922649"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220680081","https://openalex.org/W3013662953","https://openalex.org/W2531851872","https://openalex.org/W2394067332","https://openalex.org/W2012152909","https://openalex.org/W4238166564","https://openalex.org/W7128928097","https://openalex.org/W4401516748","https://openalex.org/W4411809834","https://openalex.org/W2336337527"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}