{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1885620486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.518","title":"Transmission of Leprosy: A Study of Skin and Nasal Secretions of Household Contacts of Leprosy Patients Using PCR","display_name":"Transmission of Leprosy: A Study of Skin and Nasal Secretions of Household Contacts of Leprosy Patients Using PCR","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1885620486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.518","mag":"1885620486","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18337353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100045985","display_name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issn_l":"0002-9637","issn":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315658","host_organization_name":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315658"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113804283","display_name":"Charles K. Job","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143395","display_name":"National Hansen's Disease Program","ror":"https://ror.org/049n6n725","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I23874457","https://openalex.org/I4210143395"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles K. Job","raw_affiliation_strings":["St. Thomas Hospital and Leprosy Centre, Chettupattu, India; Department of Pathobiology School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; National Hansen\u2019s Disease Programs, Baton Rouge, Louisiana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Thomas Hospital and Leprosy Centre, Chettupattu, India; Department of Pathobiology School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; National Hansen\u2019s Disease Programs, Baton Rouge, Louisiana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613","https://openalex.org/I4210143395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Joseph Jayakumar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143395","display_name":"National Hansen's Disease Program","ror":"https://ror.org/049n6n725","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I23874457","https://openalex.org/I4210143395"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Jayakumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["St. Thomas Hospital and Leprosy Centre, Chettupattu, India; Department of Pathobiology School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; National Hansen\u2019s Disease Programs, Baton Rouge, Louisiana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Thomas Hospital and Leprosy Centre, Chettupattu, India; Department of Pathobiology School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; National Hansen\u2019s Disease Programs, Baton Rouge, Louisiana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613","https://openalex.org/I4210143395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111766912","display_name":"Michael T. Kearney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143395","display_name":"National Hansen's Disease Program","ror":"https://ror.org/049n6n725","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I23874457","https://openalex.org/I4210143395"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Kearney","raw_affiliation_strings":["St. Thomas Hospital and Leprosy Centre, Chettupattu, India; Department of Pathobiology School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; National Hansen\u2019s Disease Programs, Baton Rouge, Louisiana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Thomas Hospital and Leprosy Centre, Chettupattu, India; Department of Pathobiology School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; National Hansen\u2019s Disease Programs, Baton Rouge, Louisiana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613","https://openalex.org/I4210143395"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111861277","display_name":"Thomas Phillip Gillis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143395","display_name":"National Hansen's Disease Program","ror":"https://ror.org/049n6n725","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I23874457","https://openalex.org/I4210143395"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas P. Gillis","raw_affiliation_strings":["St. Thomas Hospital and Leprosy Centre, Chettupattu, India; Department of Pathobiology School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; National Hansen\u2019s Disease Programs, Baton Rouge, Louisiana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Thomas Hospital and Leprosy Centre, Chettupattu, India; Department of Pathobiology School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; National Hansen\u2019s Disease Programs, Baton Rouge, Louisiana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613","https://openalex.org/I4210143395"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111861277"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613","https://openalex.org/I4210143395"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5698,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":144,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9706303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"3","first_page":"518","last_page":"521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12107","display_name":"Leprosy Research and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12107","display_name":"Leprosy Research and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11934","display_name":"Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leprosy","display_name":"leprosy","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium-leprae","display_name":"Mycobacterium leprae","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"transmission","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-contacts","display_name":"household contacts","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multibacillary-leprosy","display_name":"multibacillary leprosy","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nasal-secretions","display_name":"nasal secretions","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-shedding","display_name":"skin shedding","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nasal-mucosa","display_name":"nasal mucosa","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-transmission","display_name":"environmental transmission","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/untreated-patients","display_name":"untreated patients","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acid-fast-bacilli","display_name":"acid-fast bacilli","score":0.8420000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779823659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155891","display_name":"Mycobacterium leprae","level":3,"score":0.8915653228759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780695269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36956","display_name":"Leprosy","level":2,"score":0.8603538274765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.6393988132476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59377437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515471","display_name":"Mucous membrane of nose","level":2,"score":0.6387718915939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7363","display_name":"Nose","level":2,"score":0.5666570067405701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778801703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156104","display_name":"Nasal cavity","level":2,"score":0.46797850728034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4552645981311798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3787687420845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.36177533864974976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.36147546768188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.07565554976463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0463692843914032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005191","descriptor_name":"Family Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007917","descriptor_name":"Leprostatic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007918","descriptor_name":"Leprosy","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007918","descriptor_name":"Leprosy","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007918","descriptor_name":"Leprosy","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009093","descriptor_name":"Mucus","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009297","descriptor_name":"Nasal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100045985","display_name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issn_l":"0002-9637","issn":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315658","host_organization_name":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315658"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18337353","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18337353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.559.7340","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.559.7340","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://intl.ajtmh.org/content/78/3/518.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76618182","https://openalex.org/W295971001","https://openalex.org/W1873459307","https://openalex.org/W2014648818","https://openalex.org/W2021037304","https://openalex.org/W2021077378","https://openalex.org/W2023810877","https://openalex.org/W2030377482","https://openalex.org/W2031314735","https://openalex.org/W2082854661","https://openalex.org/W2091833883","https://openalex.org/W2101584080","https://openalex.org/W2121952266","https://openalex.org/W2306735759","https://openalex.org/W2394549550","https://openalex.org/W2409691124","https://openalex.org/W2416695607","https://openalex.org/W2442265338","https://openalex.org/W2444356478"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108710093","https://openalex.org/W2937857733","https://openalex.org/W1504185858","https://openalex.org/W1873459307","https://openalex.org/W2514471682","https://openalex.org/W2023810877","https://openalex.org/W6939926234","https://openalex.org/W1729890125","https://openalex.org/W3199478586","https://openalex.org/W1899024704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,9],"generally":[2],"held":[3],"that":[4,60,82,172],"dissemination":[5],"of":[6,18,35,62,84,109,148,155,178,187,195,215],"Mycobacterium":[7],"leprae":[8,27,56,89,98,121,167,189,206],"from":[10,103],"nasal":[11,33,105,127,139,176,210],"mucosa":[12,211],"and":[13,32,40,49,94,126,138,175,193,212],"not":[14],"through":[15,207],"the":[16,29,73,85,104,110,149,157,185,191,209],"skin":[17,31,92,124,135,174],"infected":[19],"patients.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"study,":[23],"we":[24],"evaluated":[25],"M.":[26,55,88,97,120,166,188,205],"in":[28,72,91,143],"unbroken":[30],"secretions":[34,128],"multibacillary":[36],"(MB)":[37],"leprosy":[38,65,181],"patients":[39,66,86,182],"their":[41,216],"contacts.":[42],"Specimens":[43],"were":[44,114,163],"examined":[45,67],"by":[46,122,129],"direct":[47],"microscopy":[48],"polymerase":[50],"chain":[51],"reaction":[52],"(PCR)":[53],"for":[54,117,165,202],"DNA.":[57,168],"Results":[58],"showed":[59,133],"60%":[61,95],"untreated":[63,111,179,196],"MB":[64,112,180,197],"histologically":[68],"had":[69,87,96],"acid-fast":[70],"bacilli":[71],"keratin":[74],"layer.":[75],"By":[76],"PCR":[77,131],"studies":[78],"it":[79],"was":[80],"found":[81],"80%":[83],"DNA":[90,99],"washings":[93,125],"on":[100],"swabs":[101],"obtained":[102],"mucosa.":[106],"Ninety-three":[107],"contacts":[108,144,161,194],"cases":[113,198],"also":[115],"tested":[116,162],"exposure":[118,142],"to":[119,184],"analyzing":[123],"PCR.":[130],"analysis":[132],"significant":[134],"(17%":[136],"positive)":[137],"muscosal":[140],"(4%)":[141],"before":[145],"instituting":[146],"treatment":[147],"index":[150,158],"cases.":[151],"After":[152],"2":[153],"months":[154],"treating":[156],"cases,":[159],"all":[160],"negative":[164],"These":[169],"data":[170],"suggested":[171],"both":[173,208],"epithelia":[177],"contribute":[183],"shedding":[186],"into":[190],"environment":[192],"are":[199],"at":[200],"risk":[201],"contact":[203],"with":[204],"exposed":[213],"surfaces":[214],"skin.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
