{"id":"https://openalex.org/W188360449","doi":null,"title":"Lead enhances lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor liver injury.","display_name":"Lead enhances lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor liver injury.","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W188360449","mag":"188360449","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1672139"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:1672139","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1672139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110260819","display_name":"Ron Honchel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Honchel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018034417","display_name":"Luis S. Marsano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Marsano","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068940053","display_name":"Donald A. Cohen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108383164","display_name":"Steven I. Shedlofsky","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Shedlofsky","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012100988","display_name":"Craig James McClain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-8939","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-8939"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C J McClain","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0409,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83359635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"117","issue":"3","first_page":"202","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11465","display_name":"Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection","score":0.0421999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses","score":0.017799999564886093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-acetate","display_name":"lead acetate","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipopolysaccharide","display_name":"lipopolysaccharide","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha","display_name":"TNF-\u03b1","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-injury","display_name":"liver injury","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endotoxin-lethality","display_name":"endotoxin lethality","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatotoxicity","display_name":"hepatotoxicity","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aminotransferases","display_name":"transaminases","score":0.6899999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17991360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21173843","display_name":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha","level":2,"score":0.8215360641479492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778754761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421804","display_name":"Lipopolysaccharide","level":2,"score":0.8191734552383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776637226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658207","display_name":"Liver injury","level":2,"score":0.7724922895431519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779224224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338810","display_name":"Lead acetate","level":3,"score":0.749595046043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412474","display_name":"Aspartate transaminase","level":4,"score":0.6610522270202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778606649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q305481","display_name":"Alanine transaminase","level":2,"score":0.6065055131912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160160445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24769688","display_name":"Alkaline phosphatase","level":3,"score":0.5474543571472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5403693914413452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.5312841534614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.5258391499519348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5182097554206848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503630168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178069","display_name":"Necrosis","level":2,"score":0.46173179149627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776877979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424288","display_name":"Transaminase","level":3,"score":0.43053707480430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.38677793741226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37408190965652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3261081576347351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.1777559220790863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1499221920967102}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000410","descriptor_name":"Alanine Transaminase","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000469","descriptor_name":"Alkaline Phosphatase","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001219","descriptor_name":"Aspartate Aminotransferases","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005723","descriptor_name":"gamma-Glutamyltransferase","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007275","descriptor_name":"Injections, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007854","descriptor_name":"Lead","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008070","descriptor_name":"Lipopolysaccharides","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008070","descriptor_name":"Lipopolysaccharides","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011919","descriptor_name":"Rats, Inbred Strains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014280","descriptor_name":"Triglycerides","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014409","descriptor_name":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014409","descriptor_name":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:1672139","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1672139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:188360449","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1672139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W171137640","https://openalex.org/W1503060625","https://openalex.org/W1526174648","https://openalex.org/W1596685255","https://openalex.org/W1665214848","https://openalex.org/W1747452239","https://openalex.org/W1896529685","https://openalex.org/W1925403052","https://openalex.org/W1953615277","https://openalex.org/W1968713831","https://openalex.org/W1971568162","https://openalex.org/W1972486471","https://openalex.org/W1975001302","https://openalex.org/W1982209533","https://openalex.org/W1983231842","https://openalex.org/W1993451554","https://openalex.org/W1999246265","https://openalex.org/W2004556731","https://openalex.org/W2010728008","https://openalex.org/W2016436682","https://openalex.org/W2019344276","https://openalex.org/W2027896904","https://openalex.org/W2031118621","https://openalex.org/W2037886850","https://openalex.org/W2038434279","https://openalex.org/W2043616846","https://openalex.org/W2047732107","https://openalex.org/W2048540725","https://openalex.org/W2048938503","https://openalex.org/W2051476593","https://openalex.org/W2051867686","https://openalex.org/W2052445471","https://openalex.org/W2069333165","https://openalex.org/W2076221025","https://openalex.org/W2092289140","https://openalex.org/W2092496388","https://openalex.org/W2098650898","https://openalex.org/W2099883737","https://openalex.org/W2160047050","https://openalex.org/W2288127536","https://openalex.org/W2301194302","https://openalex.org/W2316619031","https://openalex.org/W2323373178","https://openalex.org/W2326843110","https://openalex.org/W2329935244","https://openalex.org/W2409634023","https://openalex.org/W2464274110","https://openalex.org/W2468708794"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022028817","https://openalex.org/W2094042144","https://openalex.org/W2009198961","https://openalex.org/W1975228681","https://openalex.org/W177456452","https://openalex.org/W1769897129","https://openalex.org/W2103460214","https://openalex.org/W2125000572","https://openalex.org/W1994072124","https://openalex.org/W2090022753"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lead":[0,129],"markedly":[1,127],"augments":[2],"the":[3,17,24,36,67,73,143,180],"lethality":[4,158],"of":[5,14,23,53,56,70,81],"endotoxin":[6],"lipopolysaccharide":[7],"(LPS)":[8],"in":[9,72,99],"rats.":[10],"In":[11],"this":[12],"model":[13,183],"LPS":[15,29,75,86,110,131,148,157,161,182],"toxicity,":[16],"liver":[18,57,100,162,168,190],"is":[19,30],"severely":[20],"injured.":[21],"Much":[22],"tissue":[25],"injury":[26,58,169],"produced":[27,62,96],"by":[28,35,63],"thought":[31],"to":[32,49],"be":[33,50],"mediated":[34],"cytokine":[37],"tumor":[38],"necrosis":[39,43],"factor":[40,44],"(TNF).":[41],"Tumor":[42],"recently":[45],"has":[46],"been":[47],"speculated":[48],"a":[51,185],"mediator":[52],"several":[54],"models":[55],"such":[59],"as":[60,145],"that":[61,95,152,179],"galactosamine.":[64],"To":[65],"investigate":[66],"possible":[68],"role":[69],"TNF":[71,90,137,140,167,174],"lead-enhanced":[74,181],"toxicity":[76],"model,":[77],"we":[78],"administered":[79,106],"doses":[80],"lead":[82,104,153,165],"acetate":[83],"(15":[84],"mg/kg),":[85],"(100":[87],"micrograms/kg),":[88],"or":[89,111],"(6.25":[91],"x":[92],"10(6)":[93],"U/kg)":[94],"minimal":[97],"changes":[98],"enzymes.":[101],"However,":[102],"when":[103],"was":[105],"simultaneously":[107],"with":[108,147],"either":[109],"TNF,":[112],"serum":[113,136,173],"aspartate":[114],"transaminase,":[115,117],"alanine":[116],"alkaline":[118],"phosphatase,":[119],"glutamyl":[120],"transpeptidase,":[121],"and":[122,139,170],"plasma":[123],"triglyceride":[124],"levels":[125],"were":[126],"increased.":[128],"+":[130],"treatment":[132],"increased":[133],"both":[134],"peak":[135],"concentrations":[138],"\"area":[141],"under":[142],"curve\"":[144],"compared":[146],"alone.":[149],"We":[150],"conclude":[151],"not":[154],"only":[155],"enhances":[156,166],"but":[159],"also":[160],"injury.":[163,191],"Furthermore,":[164],"increases":[171],"LPS-stimulated":[172],"levels.":[175],"These":[176],"data":[177],"suggest":[178],"offers":[184],"system":[186],"for":[187],"studying":[188],"TNF-induced":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}