{"id":"https://openalex.org/W188221896","doi":null,"title":"From Shahristan to Medina","display_name":"From Shahristan to Medina","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W188221896","mag":"188221896"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:188221896","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2752199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168619152","display_name":"Studia Islamica","issn_l":"0585-5292","issn":["0585-5292","1958-5705"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320561","host_organization_name":"Brill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320561","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brill","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Studia Islamica","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110223264","display_name":"Hugh N. Kennedy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9962-5200","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9962-5200"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hugh Kennedy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9962-5200","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110223264"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"102","first_page":"5","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13372","display_name":"Archaeology and Historical Studies","score":0.396699994802475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13372","display_name":"Archaeology and Historical Studies","score":0.396699994802475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12890","display_name":"Eurasian Exchange Networks","score":0.28999999165534973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10794","display_name":"Islamic Studies and History","score":0.24799999594688416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-greek-city","display_name":"ancient Greek city","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medina","display_name":"Medina","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sasanian-empire","display_name":"Sasanian Empire","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-cities","display_name":"Islamic cities","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-transition","display_name":"urban transition","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sasanian-iran","display_name":"Sasanian Iran","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraq","display_name":"Iraq","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-asia","display_name":"Central Asia","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-history","display_name":"urban history","score":0.43299999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.8471676111221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.5804374814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.5467636585235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017485454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27275","display_name":"Central asia","level":2,"score":0.4670138955116272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3651065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7204","display_name":"Middle East","level":2,"score":0.4213699698448181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.3952007591724396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3581160604953766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.18583405017852783}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:188221896","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2752199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168619152","display_name":"Studia Islamica","issn_l":"0585-5292","issn":["0585-5292","1958-5705"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320561","host_organization_name":"Brill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320561","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brill","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Studia Islamica","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385512677","https://openalex.org/W2161419066","https://openalex.org/W2939359787","https://openalex.org/W4415910473","https://openalex.org/W2040043086","https://openalex.org/W4411259608","https://openalex.org/W2943642713","https://openalex.org/W2787323078","https://openalex.org/W4232041744","https://openalex.org/W7033959273"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Twenty":[0],"years":[1],"ago,":[2],"in":[3,23,50,92,97],"1985,1":[4],"published":[5],"an":[6,75],"article":[7,17],"entitled":[8],"From":[9],"Polis":[10],"to":[11,19,77,89],"Medina.2":[12],"The":[13,45],"purpose":[14],"of":[15,28,40,60,80,105],"the":[16,21,25,29,34,81,85,106],"was":[18],"examine":[20],"way":[22],"which":[24,102],"classical":[26],"polis":[27],"Near":[30],"East":[31],"evolved":[32],"into":[33],"Muslim":[35],"medina,":[36],"using":[37],"a":[38],"combination":[39],"literary":[41],"and":[42,70,94,99],"archaeological":[43],"sources.":[44],"debate":[46],"has":[47],"moved":[48],"on":[49],"many":[51],"ways":[52],"since":[53],"then,":[54],"but":[55],"I":[56,62],"believe":[57],"that":[58,65],"much":[59],"what":[61],"wrote":[63],"at":[64],"time":[66],"is":[67,74],"still":[68],"valid":[69],"helpful.":[71],"This":[72],"paper":[73],"attempt":[76],"ask":[78],"some":[79],"same":[82],"questions":[83],"about":[84],"transition":[86],"from":[87],"pre-Islamic":[88],"Islamic":[90],"cities":[91],"Iran":[93],"other":[95],"areas":[96],"Iraq":[98],"Central":[100],"Asia":[101],"formed":[103],"part":[104],"Sasanian":[107],"Empire3.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}