{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1879436767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.1997.15.7.2502","title":"Adjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer: cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil versus chlorambucil, methotrexate, and fluorouracil--11-year results of Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research trial SAKK 27/82.","display_name":"Adjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer: cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil versus chlorambucil, methotrexate, and fluorouracil--11-year results of Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research trial SAKK 27/82.","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1879436767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.1997.15.7.2502","mag":"1879436767","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9215818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1200/jco.1997.15.7.2502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.1997.15.7.2502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.1997.15.7.2502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15137598","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","issn_l":"0732-183X","issn":["0732-183X","1527-7755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111738720","display_name":"H.-J. Senn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799884508","display_name":"Kantonsspital St. Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/00gpmb873","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H J Senn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine C, Kantonsspital, St Gallen, Switzerland. mccs@msl.kssg.ch","Department of Medicine C, Kantonsspital, St Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine C, Kantonsspital, St Gallen, Switzerland. mccs@msl.kssg.ch","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine C, Kantonsspital, St Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799884508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049104928","display_name":"Rudolf Maibach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4297-8969","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4297-8969"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Maibach","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114138297","display_name":"M. Castiglione","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3357-950X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3357-950X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Castiglione","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110567412","display_name":"Walter Felix Jungi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W F Jungi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111869822","display_name":"Franco Cavalli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Cavalli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031165822","display_name":"Serge Leyvraz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-6799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-6799"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Leyvraz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109138757","display_name":"J.P. Obrecht","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J P Obrecht","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050184873","display_name":"Otto Schildknecht","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O Schildknecht","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109803957","display_name":"Paul Andr\u00e9 Siegenthaler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Siegenthaler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2831,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53485771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"7","first_page":"2502","last_page":"2509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10183","display_name":"Breast Cancer Treatment Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10183","display_name":"Breast Cancer Treatment Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11134","display_name":"Breast Lesions and Carcinomas","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10696","display_name":"Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjuvant-chemotherapy","display_name":"adjuvant chemotherapy","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operable-breast-cancer","display_name":"operable breast cancer","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmf","display_name":"CMF","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lmf","display_name":"LMF","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overall-survival","display_name":"overall survival","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-free-survival","display_name":"disease-free survival","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relapse","display_name":"relapse","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemotherapy-toxicity","display_name":"chemotherapy toxicity","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hematological-toxicity","display_name":"hematologic toxicity","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alopecia","display_name":"hair loss","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nausea-and-vomiting","display_name":"nausea and vomiting","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premenopausal-women","display_name":"premenopausal women","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-follow-up","display_name":"long-term follow-up","score":0.703000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9201874136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780456651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238512","display_name":"Fluorouracil","level":3,"score":0.8226356506347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776755627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408524","display_name":"Cyclophosphamide","level":3,"score":0.7630476355552673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781059491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422232","display_name":"Methotrexate","level":2,"score":0.7537984848022461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776694085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974135","display_name":"Chemotherapy","level":2,"score":0.6021844744682312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.5681968331336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.559273362159729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.5536928772926331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777866208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415939","display_name":"Chlorambucil","level":4,"score":0.5516640543937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777863537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357896","display_name":"Adjuvant","level":2,"score":0.5453346371650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4859670400619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.448646605014801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778670039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414004","display_name":"Nitrogen mustard","level":4,"score":0.42282742261886597}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000971","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000971","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002699","descriptor_name":"Chlorambucil","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003520","descriptor_name":"Cyclophosphamide","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004334","descriptor_name":"Drug Administration Schedule","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005472","descriptor_name":"Fluorouracil","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008207","descriptor_name":"Lymphatic Metastasis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008593","descriptor_name":"Menopause","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008727","descriptor_name":"Methotrexate","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013557","descriptor_name":"Switzerland","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017024","descriptor_name":"Chemotherapy, Adjuvant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1200/jco.1997.15.7.2502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.1997.15.7.2502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.1997.15.7.2502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15137598","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","issn_l":"0732-183X","issn":["0732-183X","1527-7755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9215818","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9215818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unil.ch:iris/87553","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://iris.unil.ch/handle/iris/87553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055444","display_name":"IRIS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_59559AE8E59D","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_59559AE8E59D","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401797","display_name":"SERVAL (Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210093590","host_organization_name":"Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 2502-2509","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W188769869","https://openalex.org/W1580788756","https://openalex.org/W1955989670","https://openalex.org/W1969891520","https://openalex.org/W1979300931","https://openalex.org/W2038252730","https://openalex.org/W2073140442","https://openalex.org/W2099107563","https://openalex.org/W2123984726","https://openalex.org/W2338983050","https://openalex.org/W2796700885"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988328573","https://openalex.org/W2414846099","https://openalex.org/W2414533823","https://openalex.org/W1863343593","https://openalex.org/W2399351415","https://openalex.org/W2000579352","https://openalex.org/W2131889158","https://openalex.org/W1972620267","https://openalex.org/W2125955497","https://openalex.org/W7098403292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"To":[1],"compare":[2],"two":[3,242],"adjuvant":[4,162,243],"combination":[5],"chemotherapies,":[6],"cyclophosphamide,":[7],"methotrexate,":[8,14],"and":[9,12,15,35,82,91,128,148,221,246],"fluorouracil":[10,16,84],"(CMF)":[11],"chlorambucil,":[13],"(LMF),":[17],"for":[18,26,175],"patients":[19,58,138],"who":[20,144],"had":[21],"undergone":[22],"potentially":[23],"curative":[24],"surgery":[25],"unilateral":[27],"breast":[28],"cancer,":[29],"in":[30,159,234,251,258],"terms":[31],"of":[32,55,136,141,161,172,192,253],"relapse,":[33],"survival,":[34],"toxicity.":[36],"PATIENTS":[37],"AND":[38],"METHODS:":[39],"Selection":[40],"criteria":[41],"was":[42],"as":[43,212,216,218],"follows:":[44],"stage":[45],"pT1-3a,":[46],"N+":[47],"or":[48,93,182,237],"N-,":[49],"M0,":[50],"less":[51],"than":[52],"72":[53],"years":[54,125],"age.":[56],"Eligible":[57],"were":[59,116,139,145],"randomized":[60],"to":[61,72,106,150,263],"receive":[62],"either":[63,176],"CMF":[64,163,199,205,254],"(cyclophosphamide":[65],"100":[66],"mg/m2":[67,76,86,101],"orally":[68,102],"on":[69,79,88,103],"days":[70,80,89,104],"1":[71,81,90,105],"14,":[73],"methotrexate":[74],"40":[75],"intravenously":[77],"(I.V.)":[78],"8,":[83],"600":[85],"I.V.":[87,111],"8)":[92],"LMF":[94,165,245],"(Leukeran":[95],"[Wellcome":[96],"A.G.,":[97],"Bern,":[98],"Switzerland]":[99],"5":[100],"14":[107],"with":[108,198],"the":[109,122,151,241],"some":[110],"cytostatic":[112],"drugs).":[113],"Follow-up":[114],"examinations":[115],"performed":[117],"every":[118,129],"3":[119,124],"months":[120,131],"during":[121],"first":[123],"after":[126,167],"mastectomy,":[127],"6":[130],"thereafter.":[132],"RESULTS:":[133],"A":[134,188],"total":[135],"246":[137],"randomized,":[140],"whom":[142],"232":[143],"fully":[146],"eligible":[147],"contribute":[149],"analyses":[152],"presented":[153],"here.":[154],"No":[155],"statistically":[156,231],"significant":[157,232],"difference":[158,233],"favor":[160,252],"over":[164],"emerges":[166],"a":[168,193,207,230,249],"median":[169],"follow-up":[170],"duration":[171],"11.2":[173],"years,":[174],"overall":[177,238],"survival":[178,184,236,239],"(P":[179,185],"=":[180,186],".15)":[181],"disease-free":[183,235],".14).":[187],"consistent":[189],"trend":[190,250],"suggestive":[191],"possible":[194],"relative":[195],"benefit":[196],"associated":[197],"should":[200],"be":[201,264],"pointed":[202],"out.":[203],"However,":[204],"presents":[206],"significantly":[208],"worse":[209],"toxicity":[210,271],"profile":[211],"concerns":[213],"hematologic":[214],"parameters":[215],"well":[217],"alopecia,":[219],"nausea,":[220],"vomiting.":[222],"CONCLUSION:":[223],"This":[224],"prospective":[225],"trial":[226],"has":[227,255,262],"not":[228],"identified":[229],"between":[240],"regimens":[244],"CMF.":[247],"Although":[248],"been":[256],"observed":[257],"premenopausal":[259],"patients,":[260],"this":[261],"weighted":[265],"against":[266],"its":[267],"definitely":[268],"more":[269],"pronounced":[270],"profile.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}