{"id":"https://openalex.org/W18777388","doi":null,"title":"The effect of aberrations and light scatter on visual performance at photopic and mesopic light levels","display_name":"The effect of aberrations and light scatter on visual performance at photopic and mesopic light levels","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W18777388","mag":"18777388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uilis.unsyiah.ac.id:28446","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://uilis.unsyiah.ac.id/opentheses/items/show/28446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196378","display_name":"UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187494767","host_organization_name":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187494767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/2476/1/Tsang%2C_Yik_Chong.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044341582","display_name":"Yik Chong Tsang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yik Chong Tsang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044341582"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.035100001841783524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11484","display_name":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-aberrations","display_name":"optical aberrations","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-scattering","display_name":"light scattering","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesopic-vision","display_name":"mesopic vision","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photopic-vision","display_name":"photopic vision","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast-sensitivity","display_name":"contrast sensitivity","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil-size","display_name":"pupil size","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowding","display_name":"crowding","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excimer-laser-refractive-surgery","display_name":"excimer laser refractive surgery","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercial-pilots","display_name":"commercial pilots","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavefront-aberrations","display_name":"wavefront aberrations","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-pupil","display_name":"artificial pupil","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90171120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2418717","display_name":"Mesopic vision","level":4,"score":0.9887552261352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54497739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474732","display_name":"Photopic vision","level":3,"score":0.9066978693008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.7655209302902222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30181142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865103","display_name":"Foveal","level":3,"score":0.6929669380187988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100921725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650811","display_name":"Spatial frequency","level":2,"score":0.5778013467788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778257484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555066","display_name":"Visual acuity","level":2,"score":0.5298418998718262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.5147726535797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.5115348100662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.4994494915008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4891827404499054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.4268163740634918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.4029313921928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3130568563938141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1816483736038208}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:uilis.unsyiah.ac.id:28446","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://uilis.unsyiah.ac.id/opentheses/items/show/28446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196378","display_name":"UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187494767","host_organization_name":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187494767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:2476","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/2476/1/Tsang%2C_Yik_Chong.pdf","pdf_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/2476/1/Tsang%2C_Yik_Chong.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401940","display_name":"City Research Online (City University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","host_organization_name":"City, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:18777388","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.575725","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:2476","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/2476/1/Tsang%2C_Yik_Chong.pdf","pdf_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/2476/1/Tsang%2C_Yik_Chong.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401940","display_name":"City Research Online (City University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","host_organization_name":"City, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W18777388.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W18777388.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":330,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3948666","https://openalex.org/W9267837","https://openalex.org/W23566578","https://openalex.org/W26569433","https://openalex.org/W35276388","https://openalex.org/W50579691","https://openalex.org/W57450467","https://openalex.org/W73764107","https://openalex.org/W93415079","https://openalex.org/W111216962","https://openalex.org/W112277440","https://openalex.org/W112304361","https://openalex.org/W151090389","https://openalex.org/W162762382","https://openalex.org/W175237806","https://openalex.org/W192533254","https://openalex.org/W192668081","https://openalex.org/W196343737","https://openalex.org/W620563135","https://openalex.org/W847646750","https://openalex.org/W1123177621","https://openalex.org/W1194983056","https://openalex.org/W1205745193","https://openalex.org/W1480016156","https://openalex.org/W1496120784","https://openalex.org/W1506627504","https://openalex.org/W1515966586","https://openalex.org/W1527731928","https://openalex.org/W1528886317","https://openalex.org/W1533129879","https://openalex.org/W1539026306","https://openalex.org/W1543584936","https://openalex.org/W1549081653","https://openalex.org/W1549461546","https://openalex.org/W1557750203","https://openalex.org/W1558385102","https://openalex.org/W1589504292","https://openalex.org/W1594551768","https://openalex.org/W1602609248","https://openalex.org/W1603780186","https://openalex.org/W1607067213","https://openalex.org/W1607209438","https://openalex.org/W1610240611","https://openalex.org/W1622969568","https://openalex.org/W1783097173","https://openalex.org/W1837967720","https://openalex.org/W1842085007","https://openalex.org/W1869259979","https://openalex.org/W1891465257","https://openalex.org/W1892402995","https://openalex.org/W1936348762","https://openalex.org/W1965572927","https://openalex.org/W1965836764","https://openalex.org/W1967116962","https://openalex.org/W1967131121","https://openalex.org/W1967519473","https://openalex.org/W1969056985","https://openalex.org/W1969181311","https://openalex.org/W1970833599","https://openalex.org/W1972335917","https://openalex.org/W1972636728","https://openalex.org/W1972959824","https://openalex.org/W1973173774","https://openalex.org/W1973418260","https://openalex.org/W1973758877","https://openalex.org/W1973795329","https://openalex.org/W1974016222","https://openalex.org/W1974693411","https://openalex.org/W1975058461","https://openalex.org/W1975502436","https://openalex.org/W1977759736","https://openalex.org/W1978084190","https://openalex.org/W1978393417","https://openalex.org/W1978581712","https://openalex.org/W1979741733","https://openalex.org/W1979792712","https://openalex.org/W1980823824","https://openalex.org/W1980981323","https://openalex.org/W1981893355","https://openalex.org/W1982280357","https://openalex.org/W1982929527","https://openalex.org/W1983228726","https://openalex.org/W1985950895","https://openalex.org/W1985953097","https://openalex.org/W1986075157","https://openalex.org/W1986081427","https://openalex.org/W1987648803","https://openalex.org/W1988938781","https://openalex.org/W1990057601","https://openalex.org/W1990529769","https://openalex.org/W1992619759","https://openalex.org/W1996348120","https://openalex.org/W1997013661","https://openalex.org/W1997862754","https://openalex.org/W1998010237","https://openalex.org/W1998635356","https://openalex.org/W1998794025","https://openalex.org/W1999532308","https://openalex.org/W2000986096","https://openalex.org/W2002111444","https://openalex.org/W2003247702","https://openalex.org/W2003812047","https://openalex.org/W2004077960","https://openalex.org/W2004597357","https://openalex.org/W2006475000","https://openalex.org/W2006990470","https://openalex.org/W2007035275","https://openalex.org/W2007429317","https://openalex.org/W2008803949","https://openalex.org/W2009577778","https://openalex.org/W2011949058","https://openalex.org/W2012124858","https://openalex.org/W2012586335","https://openalex.org/W2013757993","https://openalex.org/W2014870330","https://openalex.org/W2015282923","https://openalex.org/W2016216539","https://openalex.org/W2016310997","https://openalex.org/W2016463928","https://openalex.org/W2017558827","https://openalex.org/W2017623030","https://openalex.org/W2018604504","https://openalex.org/W2018785849","https://openalex.org/W2022435972","https://openalex.org/W2022468226","https://openalex.org/W2023845604","https://openalex.org/W2023941481","https://openalex.org/W2026502184","https://openalex.org/W2026827915","https://openalex.org/W2026838101","https://openalex.org/W2027210853","https://openalex.org/W2027253513","https://openalex.org/W2028978269","https://openalex.org/W2029364739","https://openalex.org/W2029407707","https://openalex.org/W2030514841","https://openalex.org/W2031453833","https://openalex.org/W2032440462","https://openalex.org/W2033118251","https://openalex.org/W2033420858","https://openalex.org/W2034029499","https://openalex.org/W2035150611","https://openalex.org/W2035320863","https://openalex.org/W2036169242","https://openalex.org/W2036494695","https://openalex.org/W2036968376","https://openalex.org/W2037990198","https://openalex.org/W2038475318","https://openalex.org/W2039760917","https://openalex.org/W2041512284","https://openalex.org/W2042033299","https://openalex.org/W2042201713","https://openalex.org/W2042432844","https://openalex.org/W2042549165","https://openalex.org/W2042853753","https://openalex.org/W2042895963","https://openalex.org/W2043530562","https://openalex.org/W2044558395","https://openalex.org/W2044998798","https://openalex.org/W2045286656","https://openalex.org/W2046334469","https://openalex.org/W2046879981","https://openalex.org/W2046978952","https://openalex.org/W2047255175","https://openalex.org/W2047482416","https://openalex.org/W2048519428","https://openalex.org/W2050238191","https://openalex.org/W2050463726","https://openalex.org/W2050985155","https://openalex.org/W2052341605","https://openalex.org/W2053395202","https://openalex.org/W2054259606","https://openalex.org/W2055756918","https://openalex.org/W2056135665","https://openalex.org/W2056330028","https://openalex.org/W2057289480","https://openalex.org/W2058369288","https://openalex.org/W2058389586","https://openalex.org/W2059665155","https://openalex.org/W2060336605","https://openalex.org/W2060791867","https://openalex.org/W2060830193","https://openalex.org/W2061676493","https://openalex.org/W2062070868","https://openalex.org/W2062949383","https://openalex.org/W2062956033","https://openalex.org/W2063240138","https://openalex.org/W2063632229","https://openalex.org/W2064289702","https://openalex.org/W2064411462","https://openalex.org/W2067821261","https://openalex.org/W2069090574","https://openalex.org/W2069236968","https://openalex.org/W2069244251","https://openalex.org/W2069460933","https://openalex.org/W2069534242","https://openalex.org/W2069538091","https://openalex.org/W2071830476","https://openalex.org/W2072310545","https://openalex.org/W2072509091","https://openalex.org/W2072682893","https://openalex.org/W2073999273","https://openalex.org/W2074684453","https://openalex.org/W2075249100","https://openalex.org/W2075548194","https://openalex.org/W2076153062","https://openalex.org/W2076980716","https://openalex.org/W2079839605","https://openalex.org/W2080127857","https://openalex.org/W2080579153","https://openalex.org/W2081217624","https://openalex.org/W2081246107","https://openalex.org/W2081360048","https://openalex.org/W2082102415","https://openalex.org/W2082254838","https://openalex.org/W2083632623","https://openalex.org/W2084088204","https://openalex.org/W2084207920","https://openalex.org/W2084434126","https://openalex.org/W2084718350","https://openalex.org/W2085511256","https://openalex.org/W2085914259","https://openalex.org/W2086744912","https://openalex.org/W2087399467","https://openalex.org/W2087562307","https://openalex.org/W2090516549","https://openalex.org/W2092938864","https://openalex.org/W2092940115","https://openalex.org/W2096640643","https://openalex.org/W2097462803","https://openalex.org/W2099838434","https://openalex.org/W2101224903","https://openalex.org/W2101361879","https://openalex.org/W2102285278","https://openalex.org/W2103212315","https://openalex.org/W2103706951","https://openalex.org/W2104159852","https://openalex.org/W2104228780","https://openalex.org/W2107008896","https://openalex.org/W2107146669","https://openalex.org/W2108684554","https://openalex.org/W2109317190","https://openalex.org/W2110317398","https://openalex.org/W2110524109","https://openalex.org/W2111077337","https://openalex.org/W2111676515","https://openalex.org/W2111833501","https://openalex.org/W2112695567","https://openalex.org/W2112709532","https://openalex.org/W2115094961","https://openalex.org/W2116360511","https://openalex.org/W2116799824","https://openalex.org/W2116830724","https://openalex.org/W2116978654","https://openalex.org/W2117731089","https://openalex.org/W2117858301","https://openalex.org/W2118573764","https://openalex.org/W2122354249","https://openalex.org/W2123390288","https://openalex.org/W2123836760","https://openalex.org/W2124882718","https://openalex.org/W2125361337","https://openalex.org/W2126189364","https://openalex.org/W2126550790","https://openalex.org/W2127694702","https://openalex.org/W2128101506","https://openalex.org/W2128505384","https://openalex.org/W2129423238","https://openalex.org/W2132049890","https://openalex.org/W2134071795","https://openalex.org/W2135238780","https://openalex.org/W2135587681","https://openalex.org/W2136132248","https://openalex.org/W2136448051","https://openalex.org/W2136838481","https://openalex.org/W2137203028","https://openalex.org/W2138279577","https://openalex.org/W2138799033","https://openalex.org/W2140312780","https://openalex.org/W2140693761","https://openalex.org/W2142624198","https://openalex.org/W2143485446","https://openalex.org/W2146209717","https://openalex.org/W2146567096","https://openalex.org/W2146620684","https://openalex.org/W2149035962","https://openalex.org/W2150232640","https://openalex.org/W2151084406","https://openalex.org/W2152618052","https://openalex.org/W2153638966","https://openalex.org/W2155685651","https://openalex.org/W2157202424","https://openalex.org/W2157992721","https://openalex.org/W2158659633","https://openalex.org/W2161303223","https://openalex.org/W2163875444","https://openalex.org/W2164501092","https://openalex.org/W2164833011","https://openalex.org/W2165092209","https://openalex.org/W2165102284","https://openalex.org/W2166962130","https://openalex.org/W2168253120","https://openalex.org/W2169154970","https://openalex.org/W2169400486","https://openalex.org/W2172373809","https://openalex.org/W2182901508","https://openalex.org/W2212384750","https://openalex.org/W2257028141","https://openalex.org/W2260339865","https://openalex.org/W2275617560","https://openalex.org/W2323921380","https://openalex.org/W2326815287","https://openalex.org/W2334709927","https://openalex.org/W2338093645","https://openalex.org/W2361196891","https://openalex.org/W2395345813","https://openalex.org/W2398187078","https://openalex.org/W2400247647","https://openalex.org/W2410184408","https://openalex.org/W2416359172","https://openalex.org/W2418652239","https://openalex.org/W2419136106","https://openalex.org/W2434889621","https://openalex.org/W2468966274","https://openalex.org/W2507026009","https://openalex.org/W2889193628","https://openalex.org/W2903716121","https://openalex.org/W3113167517","https://openalex.org/W3208117020","https://openalex.org/W4323966261"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W23566578","https://openalex.org/W172803042","https://openalex.org/W1205745193","https://openalex.org/W2807712359","https://openalex.org/W2923821184","https://openalex.org/W12556169","https://openalex.org/W1972581423","https://openalex.org/W2805819713","https://openalex.org/W1971815356","https://openalex.org/W3106976238"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,18,69,106,218,268,326,554,560,608],"Contrast":[1,165,183],"Acuity":[2],"Assessment":[3],"(CAA)":[4],"test":[5,23,89,104,120,150,231,339,439],"was":[6,24,74,121,124,167,280,340,374,464,492,532],"developed":[7],"to":[8,27,30,75,98,127,129,158,342,376,434,466,483,505,545,567],"assess":[9],"the":[10,21,55,58,62,78,87,118,133,141,180,199,212,238,277,287,290,313,322,334,349,398,401,437,512,538,548,552,572,593,601,615,618],"minimum":[11],"spatial":[12,203,216],"vision":[13],"requirements":[14],"for":[15,25,101,132,198,211,534],"commercial":[16],"pilots.":[17],"goal":[19],"of":[20,51,65,71,80,108,189,220,240,243,270,289,315,328,400,408,518,574,603,614],"CAA":[22,88,103,119,149,230,278,323,338,438,461,619,633],"it":[26],"be":[28,568],"sensitive":[29],"retinal":[31,66],"image":[32,67],"degradation":[33],"in":[34,54,125,135,147,235,258,446,450,494,562,577,591],"subjects":[35,171,332,353,430,536,579],"who":[36],"had":[37,153],"undergone":[38],"excimer":[39],"laser":[40],"refractive":[41],"surgery.":[42],"Increased":[43],"aberrations":[44,329,387,394],"and":[45,83,92,115,162,174,201,206,246,265,272,295,298,336,362,388,421,477,500,637],"scattered":[46],"light":[47],"or":[48,317,596],"abnormal":[49],"processing":[50],"visual":[52,59,451,598],"information":[53],"retina":[56],"and/or":[57],"pathway":[60],"are":[61],"main":[63],"causes":[64],"degradation.":[68],"purpose":[70],"this":[72],"study":[73],"further":[76],"investigate":[77],"effect":[79,107,269,314,327],"aberrations,":[81],"scatter":[82,508,519,563,575,586],"other":[84],"parameters":[85,616],"on":[86,117,169,276,282,321,330,333,429],"under":[90,160,263,293,359,367,472,488],"photopic":[91,161,264,296,335,360,489],"mesopic":[93,163,266,294,337,368,473,634],"conditions.":[94,164,267,369,474,490,582],"This":[95,123,303],"could":[96,254,440],"help":[97],"provide":[99,130],"explanations":[100,131],"previous":[102,148],"results.":[105,306],"contrast,":[109],"stimulus":[110,273,300,318],"onset":[111,274,301,319],"time,":[112],"pupil":[113,195,514],"size":[114,196],"crowding":[116,271,316],"examined.":[122],"order":[126],"try":[128],"decline":[134],"Landolt":[136],"ring":[137],"gap":[138,462,635],"acuity":[139,463,636],"over":[140],"central":[142,460],"5":[143,539],"degrees,":[144],"as":[145],"observed":[146],"results,":[151],"which":[152,526],"shown":[154],"a":[155,256,260,468,611,627],"foveal":[156,261,324,350,389,402,522,594],"dip":[157,262,523,595],"occur":[159],"Sensitivity":[166,184],"measured":[168,493,533],"eight":[170],"using":[172,179,221,497,537],"6":[173,244,498],"3":[175,247,283,501,535],"mm":[176,245,499,502],"artificial":[177,241,503],"pupils":[178,242],"City":[181],"University":[182],"Test.":[185],"A":[186,370,621],"significant":[187,308,382,469,485,623],"trend":[188],"decreasing":[190],"contrast":[191,223,228,253,288],"sensitivity":[192],"with":[193,237,356,431,511,580,600],"increased":[194],"occurred":[197],"middle":[200],"lower":[202],"frequencies":[204],"(1.2":[205],"6.1":[207],"cpd),":[208],"but":[209],"not":[210,397,528,557],"highest":[213],"19.1":[214],"cpd":[215],"frequency.":[217],"effects":[219],"high":[222],"(125%)":[224],"rather":[225],"than":[226,571],"low":[227,252],"(24%)":[229],"targets":[232],"were":[233,310,354,365,384,395,427,453,480,527,556,565],"investigated,":[234],"combination":[236],"use":[239,602],"mm.":[248],"We":[249,391,583],"concluded":[250,392,584],"that":[251,393,585],"play":[255],"role":[257,590],"producing":[259,592],"time":[275,320],"Test":[279],"examined":[281],"subjects,":[284,364,496],"by":[285,626],"reducing":[286],"fixation":[291],"guides":[292],"conditions":[297,361],"increasing":[299],"time.":[302],"gave":[304,524],"inconclusive":[305],"No":[307,381],"conclusions":[309],"drawn":[311],"concerning":[312],"dip.":[325,351,390,403],"normal":[331],"examined,":[341],"determine":[343,435,506],"whether":[344,436,507],"they":[345],"may":[346],"have":[347],"influenced":[348],"14":[352],"tested":[355,366,428],"natural":[357,432],"pupils,":[358,433,504],"10":[363],"Shack":[371],"Hartmann":[372],"aberrometer":[373],"used":[375],"take":[377],"wavefront":[378],"aberration":[379,458],"measurements.":[380],"regressions":[383,517],"found":[385,465,482,566,576],"between":[386,632],"probably":[396],"cause":[399],"Q":[404,409,412,415,418,422,541,549,604],"value":[405,542,605],"lenses":[406,426],"consisting":[407],"=":[410,413,416,419,423],"-2,":[411],"-1,":[414],"0,":[417],"+1":[420],"+1.5":[424],"contact":[425,543,606],"pick":[441],"up":[442],"larger":[443,513],"non-physiological":[444],"changes":[445,449],"aberrations.":[447],"Large":[448],"performance":[452,599],"observed.":[454],"Z":[455,638],"(4,0)":[456,639],"spherical":[457,640],"versus":[459,521],"produce":[467,484],"quadratic":[470,628],"regression":[471,629],"Seidel":[475,478],"coma":[476],"astigmatism":[479],"also":[481],"linear":[486],"regressions.":[487],"Scatter":[491,531],"4":[495],"would":[509],"increase":[510,573],"size.":[515],"Linear":[516],"k\u2019":[520],"results":[525,555],"statistically":[529,558,622],"significant.":[530,559],"different":[540],"lenses,":[544],"see":[546],"if":[547],"values":[550],"affected":[551],"scatter.":[553],"differences":[561],"produced":[564,610],"far":[569],"less":[570],"two":[578],"pathological":[581],"played":[587],"an":[588],"insignificant":[589],"changing":[597],"lenses.":[607],"project":[609],"systematic":[612],"investigation":[613],"affecting":[617],"test.":[620],"association,":[624],"described":[625],"curve,":[630],"exists":[631],"aberration.":[641]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}