{"id":"https://openalex.org/W187208532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z383s2m","title":"Racial Stereotyping of Asians and Asian Americans and Its Effect on Criminal Justice: A Reflection on the Wayne Lo Case","display_name":"Racial Stereotyping of Asians and Asian Americans and Its Effect on Criminal Justice: A Reflection on the Wayne Lo Case","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W187208532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z383s2m","mag":"187208532"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.berkeley.edu:aalj-1060","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/aalj/vol7/iss1/1","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/aalj/vol7/iss1/1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asian American Law Journal","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/aalj/vol7/iss1/1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015709340","display_name":"Rhoda J. Yen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yen, Rhoda J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015709340"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06218138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12323","display_name":"Asian American and Pacific Histories","score":0.7773000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12323","display_name":"Asian American and Pacific Histories","score":0.7773000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.14650000631809235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12765","display_name":"Race, History, and American Society","score":0.01590000092983246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-stereotyping","display_name":"racial stereotyping","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asian-americans","display_name":"Asian Americans","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-minority-stereotype","display_name":"model minority stereotype","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yellow-peril","display_name":"Yellow Peril","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-justice","display_name":"criminal justice","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-appeal","display_name":"criminal appeal","score":0.45100000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.7042711973190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019166669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727928","display_name":"Asian americans","level":3,"score":0.628983736038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.6094351410865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.5700929164886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.5578259825706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42732927203178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3768775165081024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34700533747673035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1686314046382904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.14185136556625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08627796173095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.berkeley.edu:aalj-1060","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/aalj/vol7/iss1/1","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/aalj/vol7/iss1/1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asian American Law Journal","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:187208532","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://lawcat.berkeley.edu/record/1117121/files/fulltext.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764646078","display_name":"Asian American law journal","issn_l":"1939-8417","issn":["1939-8417"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316106","host_organization_name":"UC Berkeley School of Law","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316106","https://openalex.org/P4310316198"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["UC Berkeley School of Law","University of California, Berkeley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asian American law journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.15779/z383s2m","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z383s2m","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z383s2m","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050879","display_name":"UC Berkeley","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","host_organization_name":"University of California, Berkeley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.berkeley.edu:aalj-1060","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/aalj/vol7/iss1/1","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/aalj/vol7/iss1/1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asian American Law Journal","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7307999730110168,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W187208532.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W187208532.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095298342","https://openalex.org/W4410688366","https://openalex.org/W2280517284","https://openalex.org/W3090529553","https://openalex.org/W157931440","https://openalex.org/W2592777142","https://openalex.org/W2129879751","https://openalex.org/W4401688139","https://openalex.org/W2792435372","https://openalex.org/W2144237613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On":[0],"December":[1],"14,":[2],"1992,":[3],"19-year-old":[4],"Wayne":[5,49,58,165,225,290],"Lo":[6,50,291],"stormed":[7],"the":[8,37,44,48,67,77,129,173,211,221,240,253,289],"campus":[9],"of":[10,14,47,79,114,213,231,234,251,297],"Simon's":[11],"Rock":[12],"College":[13],"Bard,":[15],"an":[16,229,295],"elite":[17],"private":[18],"institution":[19],"for":[20,170],"gifted":[21],"students,":[22],"and":[23,34,59,70,99,106,109,117,126,131,142,210,236,256,259,281,293],"began":[24,161],"a":[25,147,151,188],"twenty-minute":[26],"shooting":[27],"spree":[28],"that":[29,135,195],"left":[30],"two":[31,248],"people":[32],"dead":[33],"four":[35],"wounded.In":[36],"past":[38],"seven":[39],"years,":[40],"I":[41,60,160,185,218,246,265,286],"have":[42,81,123,206,302],"followed":[43],"news":[45],"coverage":[46],"case":[51,292],"with":[52],"increasing":[53],"interest,":[54],"not":[55,155,190],"only":[56],"because":[57,76],"are":[61,111],"both":[62,277],"Chinese":[63],"American,":[64],"born":[65],"in":[66,150,157,198,274,283],"same":[68],"year,":[69],"raised":[71],"under":[72],"similar":[73],"circumstances,":[74],"but":[75,200],"degrees":[78],"separation":[80],"unwittingly":[82],"decreased":[83],"between":[84],"us.My":[85],"husband":[86],"Dan":[87,169],"was":[88],"Wayne's":[89,182],"childhood":[90],"friend,":[91],"one":[92],"who":[93],"slept":[94],"over":[95,128],"at":[96,187],"his":[97,203,208,214],"house":[98],"shared":[100],"adolescent":[101],"confessions":[102],"about":[103,164,172,191,201],"girls,":[104],"sex,":[105],"religion.Wayne's":[107],"mother":[108],"father":[110],"longtime":[112],"friends":[113],"my":[115],"in-laws":[116],"serve":[118],"as":[119,228],"Dan's":[120],"godparents.Our":[121],"families":[122],"exchanged":[124],"letters":[125],"photographs":[127],"years":[130],"managed":[132],"to":[133,162,177,181,288],"pretend":[134],"while":[136],"we":[137],"graduated":[138],"from":[139],"college,":[140],"married,":[141],"landed":[143],"our":[144],"first":[145],"jobs,":[146],"young":[148,174],"man":[149],"Massachusetts":[152],"prison":[153],"did":[154],"exist.Early":[156],"law":[158],"school,":[159],"think":[163],"more":[166],"frequently.I":[167],"prodded":[168],"details":[171],"killer,":[175],"hoping":[176],"discover":[178],"any":[179],"clues":[180],"perplexing":[183],"identity.Slowly,":[184],"arrived":[186],"theory,":[189],"why":[192],"he":[193],"killed":[194],"chilly":[196],"day":[197],"December,":[199],"how":[202,232,267,298],"race":[204],"may":[205,301],"influenced":[207],"conviction":[209],"denial":[212],"appeal.In":[215],"this":[216],"paper,":[217],"will":[219],"examine":[220],"racial":[222,299],"imagery":[223],"surrounding":[224],"Lo's":[226],"trial":[227],"example":[230],"stereotypes":[233,269],"Asians":[235],"Asian":[237,278],"Americans":[238],"influence":[239,271],"criminal":[241],"justice":[242],"system.In":[243],"Part":[244,263,284],"I,":[245],"offer":[247],"prevailing":[249],"categories":[250],"stereotypes,":[252],"\"model":[254],"minority\"":[255],"\"yellow":[257],"peril,\"":[258],"highlight":[260],"their":[261],"criticisms.In":[262],"II,":[264],"discuss":[266],"these":[268],"potentially":[270],"legal":[272],"actors":[273],"cases":[275],"involving":[276],"American":[279],"victims":[280],"defendants.Finally,":[282],"III,":[285],"return":[287],"propose":[294],"explanation":[296],"stereotyping":[300],"colored":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-02T07:38:04.252551","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}