{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1870470720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921785","title":"Numerical Modeling and Experimental Validation by Calorimetric Detection of Energetic Materials Using Thermal Bimorph Microcantilever Array: A Case Study on Sensing Vapors of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)","display_name":"Numerical Modeling and Experimental Validation by Calorimetric Detection of Energetic Materials Using Thermal Bimorph Microcantilever Array: A Case Study on Sensing Vapors of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1870470720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921785","mag":"1870470720","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26334276","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4610452"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150921785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921785","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21785/pdf?version=1441006779","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21785/pdf?version=1441006779","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080689244","display_name":"Seok\u2010Won Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-5297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-5297"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161173","display_name":"Korea Railroad Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzcxt97","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4210161173","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seok-Won Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Railroad Research Institute, 176 Cheoldo bangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang, Gyeonggi-do 16105, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-5297","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Railroad Research Institute, 176 Cheoldo bangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang, Gyeonggi-do 16105, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007643821","display_name":"Joe Fragala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8802-6672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8802-6672"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe Fragala","raw_affiliation_strings":["NanoINK, Inc., 215 E Hacienda Ave., Campbell, CA 95008, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8802-6672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NanoINK, Inc., 215 E Hacienda Ave., Campbell, CA 95008, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028548195","display_name":"Debjyoti Banerjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0197-7011","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0197-7011"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debjyoti Banerjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3123, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3123, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080689244"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161173"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.1553,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56213104,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"9","first_page":"21785","last_page":"21806"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.8672000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.8672000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":0.07530000060796738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.011599999852478504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volatile-organic-compounds","display_name":"volatile organic compounds","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcantilever-arrays","display_name":"microcantilever arrays","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bending-response","display_name":"bending response","score":0.5989999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778393539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913759","display_name":"Bimorph","level":3,"score":0.8844509124755859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154238967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12870","display_name":"Explosive material","level":2,"score":0.8584569692611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7680296897888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777431650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413828","display_name":"Silicon nitride","level":3,"score":0.6624504327774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141354745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17227","display_name":"Cantilever","level":2,"score":0.6564961075782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87210426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072476","display_name":"Bending","level":2,"score":0.6492329239845276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776486069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189334","display_name":"Pentaerythritol tetranitrate","level":3,"score":0.5671215653419495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4801318347454071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18073261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1722586","display_name":"Calorimeter (particle physics)","level":3,"score":0.45875170826911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.4567282795906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.43086540699005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3276990056037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.32270190119743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100082104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183759","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","level":2,"score":0.21171557903289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17501533031463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.12375777959823608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150921785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921785","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21785/pdf?version=1441006779","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3589059","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4610452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4610452","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4610452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:26334276","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26334276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.697.6949","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.697.6949","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21785/pdf/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5d65cf4f95554b71b508712aef1be0d5","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5d65cf4f95554b71b508712aef1be0d5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 15, Iss 9, Pp 21785-21806 (2015)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s150921785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s150921785","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/9/21785/pdf?version=1441006779","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316713","display_name":"Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center","ror":"https://ror.org/013my1d15"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322096","display_name":"Korea Railroad Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzcxt97"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1870470720.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1870470720.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W560014305","https://openalex.org/W1530830855","https://openalex.org/W1677222838","https://openalex.org/W1972869328","https://openalex.org/W1974293275","https://openalex.org/W1986160872","https://openalex.org/W1986469163","https://openalex.org/W1989523166","https://openalex.org/W1992984362","https://openalex.org/W2000453074","https://openalex.org/W2014693058","https://openalex.org/W2020018947","https://openalex.org/W2044648885","https://openalex.org/W2054808993","https://openalex.org/W2061543408","https://openalex.org/W2062202387","https://openalex.org/W2070019211","https://openalex.org/W2075886908","https://openalex.org/W2076055462","https://openalex.org/W2081492450","https://openalex.org/W2082900535","https://openalex.org/W2121215104","https://openalex.org/W2123385950","https://openalex.org/W2127136597","https://openalex.org/W2129017490","https://openalex.org/W2148648899","https://openalex.org/W2150004397","https://openalex.org/W2152124678","https://openalex.org/W2172152978","https://openalex.org/W2241727103","https://openalex.org/W4252864044","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097427483","https://openalex.org/W2277431712","https://openalex.org/W2292928948","https://openalex.org/W2190333059","https://openalex.org/W1984324017","https://openalex.org/W4307739260","https://openalex.org/W2089095639","https://openalex.org/W2314334297","https://openalex.org/W4237505696","https://openalex.org/W1976780495"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bi-layer":[0],"(Au-Si\u2083N\u2084)":[1],"microcantilevers":[2,65,107,136],"fabricated":[3],"in":[4,23,35,66,126,140],"an":[5],"array":[6],"were":[7,38,77],"used":[8,53],"to":[9,54,79,100],"detect":[10],"vapors":[11],"of":[12,27,45,62,71,84,105,120,129,147],"energetic":[13],"materials":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16],"explosives":[17],"under":[18],"ambient":[19],"conditions.":[20],"The":[21,117],"changes":[22,34],"the":[24,43,46,56,60,67,81,102,106,121,127,135,148],"bending":[25,103,142],"response":[26,83,104],"each":[28,89],"thermal":[29],"bimorph":[30],"(i.e.,":[31],"microcantilever)":[32],"with":[33,144],"actuation":[36,115,149],"currents":[37],"experimentally":[39],"monitored":[40],"by":[41],"measuring":[42],"angle":[44],"reflected":[47],"ray":[48],"from":[49],"a":[50,72],"laser":[51],"source":[52],"illuminate":[55],"gold":[57],"nanocoating":[58],"on":[59],"surface":[61],"silicon":[63],"nitride":[64],"absence":[68],"and":[69,114],"presence":[70,128],"designated":[73],"combustible":[74,133],"species.":[75],"Experiments":[76],"performed":[78,99],"determine":[80],"signature":[82],"this":[85,94],"nano-calorimeter":[86],"platform":[87],"for":[88,93,108],"explosive":[90,110,131],"material":[91],"considered":[92],"study.":[95],"Numerical":[96],"modeling":[97],"was":[98],"predict":[101],"various":[109],"materials,":[111,134],"species":[112],"concentrations,":[113],"currents.":[116],"experimental":[118],"validation":[119],"numerical":[122],"predictions":[123],"demonstrated":[124],"that":[125],"different":[130],"or":[132],"exhibited":[137],"unique":[138],"trends":[139],"their":[141],"responses":[143],"increasing":[145],"values":[146],"current.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}