{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1868822604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00658.x","title":"Impact of Nurse Staffing Mandates on Safety\u2010Net Hospitals: Lessons from California","display_name":"Impact of Nurse Staffing Mandates on Safety\u2010Net Hospitals: Lessons from California","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1868822604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00658.x","mag":"1868822604","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22428696","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3371663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00658.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00658.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00658.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1650206","display_name":"Milbank Quarterly","issn_l":"0887-378X","issn":["0887-378X","1468-0009"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-3","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Milbank Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3371663","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017734058","display_name":"Matthew D. McHugh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1263-0697","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1263-0697"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"MATTHEW D. MCHUGH","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4217, USA. mchughm@nursing.upenn.edu","\u2020University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4217, USA. mchughm@nursing.upenn.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015968836","display_name":"Margo Brooks Carthon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MARGO BROOKS CARTHON","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039661948","display_name":"Douglas M. Sloane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2541-9783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2541-9783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DOUGLAS M. SLOANE","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110016161","display_name":"Evan S. Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"EVAN WU","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030782298","display_name":"Lesly Ann Kelly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3644-3172","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3644-3172"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"LESLY KELLY","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080888037","display_name":"Linda H. Aiken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-3630","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-3630"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"LINDA H. AIKEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017734058"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":4430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4430},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.1936,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98610894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"90","issue":"1","first_page":"160","last_page":"186"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10186","display_name":"Nursing education and management","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10186","display_name":"Nursing education and management","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12871","display_name":"Healthcare Quality and Management","score":0.01209999993443489,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11816","display_name":"Nursing Roles and Practices","score":0.007899999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nurse-patient-ratio","display_name":"nurse-to-patient ratio","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-net-hospitals","display_name":"safety-net hospitals","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skill-mix","display_name":"skill mix","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/registered-nurses","display_name":"registered nurses","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncompensated-care","display_name":"uncompensated care","score":0.9419999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777512617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783605","display_name":"Staffing","level":2,"score":0.9151091575622559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775884135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845436","display_name":"Mandate","level":2,"score":0.7675818204879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778216598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131802","display_name":"Safety net","level":2,"score":0.724668025970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475557","display_name":"Patient safety","level":3,"score":0.5141320824623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.5033909678459167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4998283386230469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.45619991421699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.436862975358963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.3554617464542389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.17460641264915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07454872131347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002140","descriptor_name":"California","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006766","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, County","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006766","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, County","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006766","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, County","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006786","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Urban","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006786","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Urban","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006786","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Urban","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009741","descriptor_name":"Nursing Staff, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009741","descriptor_name":"Nursing Staff, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009741","descriptor_name":"Nursing Staff, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000600","qualifier_name":"supply & distribution","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009741","descriptor_name":"Nursing Staff, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010561","descriptor_name":"Personnel Staffing and Scheduling","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011361","descriptor_name":"Professional Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017664","descriptor_name":"Uncompensated Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057184","descriptor_name":"Practice Patterns, Nurses'","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057184","descriptor_name":"Practice Patterns, Nurses'","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00658.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00658.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00658.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1650206","display_name":"Milbank Quarterly","issn_l":"0887-378X","issn":["0887-378X","1468-0009"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-3","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Milbank Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2583488","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3371663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3371663","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3371663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Milbank Q","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:22428696","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22428696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Milbank quarterly","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2583488","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3371663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.48510000109672546}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1951577184","display_name":"Nurse Practice Environment Influences in Reducing Disparities In Hospital Outcome","funder_award_id":"K01NR012006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337353","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Nursing Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2217581956","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P30-NR-005043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337353","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Nursing Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2272688294","display_name":"Nursing Impact on Care Outcomes for Chronically Ill and Minority Patients","funder_award_id":"R01NR004513","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337353","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Nursing Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4326618543","display_name":"CENTER FOR NURSING OUTCOMES RESEARCH","funder_award_id":"5p30nr005043-10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7572751548","display_name":"NURSE STAFFING POLICY, HOSPITAL OCCUPANCY, MARKET STRUCTURE, AND PATIENT OUTCOMES","funder_award_id":"K08HS017551","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","funder_display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000910663","display_name":"Advanced Training in Nursing Outcomes Research","funder_award_id":"T32NR007104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337353","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Nursing Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","ror":"https://ror.org/03jmfdf59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337353","display_name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01y3zfr79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27259366","https://openalex.org/W101340052","https://openalex.org/W1538517345","https://openalex.org/W1583788972","https://openalex.org/W1725821981","https://openalex.org/W1727344339","https://openalex.org/W1811181864","https://openalex.org/W1843533319","https://openalex.org/W1929375507","https://openalex.org/W1978866328","https://openalex.org/W2000302243","https://openalex.org/W2002813041","https://openalex.org/W2003449862","https://openalex.org/W2005984555","https://openalex.org/W2006070899","https://openalex.org/W2021047935","https://openalex.org/W2021506096","https://openalex.org/W2022658361","https://openalex.org/W2026239432","https://openalex.org/W2026262956","https://openalex.org/W2028487110","https://openalex.org/W2028653871","https://openalex.org/W2030628655","https://openalex.org/W2030807808","https://openalex.org/W2034861636","https://openalex.org/W2036586740","https://openalex.org/W2038040761","https://openalex.org/W2038746872","https://openalex.org/W2044437922","https://openalex.org/W2050522711","https://openalex.org/W2051886297","https://openalex.org/W2052415973","https://openalex.org/W2059822912","https://openalex.org/W2063079112","https://openalex.org/W2063851774","https://openalex.org/W2072410090","https://openalex.org/W2073912778","https://openalex.org/W2085234626","https://openalex.org/W2088128647","https://openalex.org/W2088393330","https://openalex.org/W2095541744","https://openalex.org/W2098404595","https://openalex.org/W2102528122","https://openalex.org/W2107733063","https://openalex.org/W2108381445","https://openalex.org/W2111848690","https://openalex.org/W2123522134","https://openalex.org/W2124576169","https://openalex.org/W2127916623","https://openalex.org/W2128544869","https://openalex.org/W2134719072","https://openalex.org/W2145133541","https://openalex.org/W2147285437","https://openalex.org/W2148859490","https://openalex.org/W2150278369","https://openalex.org/W2152967756","https://openalex.org/W2157963345","https://openalex.org/W2158288075","https://openalex.org/W2158448874","https://openalex.org/W2167836371","https://openalex.org/W2169644277","https://openalex.org/W2417931258","https://openalex.org/W2433660979","https://openalex.org/W3121850733"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030807808","https://openalex.org/W2063851774","https://openalex.org/W2150278369","https://openalex.org/W3121850733","https://openalex.org/W2128434399","https://openalex.org/W2147285437","https://openalex.org/W2158288075","https://openalex.org/W1472619111","https://openalex.org/W7100989412","https://openalex.org/W2003383926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CONTEXT:":[0],"California":[1,34,115,167],"is":[2,19],"the":[3,37,42,78,89,114,125,134,177,182,190,213,239,242,254,279,307],"first":[4],"and":[5,98,121,144,186,220,290,302,309,314],"only":[6],"state":[7],"to":[8,128,130,196],"implement":[9],"a":[10,47,104,158,207,226,282],"patient-to-nurse":[11],"ratio":[12],"mandate":[13,38,60,95,138,149,194,264],"for":[14,24,44,124,165,201,248,267,299],"hospitals.":[15,100,146,168,222,250,272,316],"Increasing":[16],"nurse":[17,162],"staffing":[18,31,67,94,140,153,179,199,216,266,308],"an":[20],"important":[21],"organizational":[22],"intervention":[23],"improving":[25,66],"patient":[26,160],"outcomes.":[27],"Evidence":[28],"suggests":[29],"that":[30,58,69,76],"improved":[32,198,265],"in":[33,133,142,151,173,212,235,306],"hospitals":[35,45,64,70,175,237,258,301],"after":[36],"was":[39,57,172,206,233,259,287],"enacted,":[40],"but":[41,209],"outcome":[43],"bearing":[46],"disproportionate":[48],"share":[49],"of":[50,80,83,92,117,136,218,230,257,281,312],"uncompensated":[51],"care-safety-net":[52],"hospitals-remains":[53],"unclear.":[54],"One":[55],"concern":[56],"California's":[59,93,137,263],"would":[61,71],"burden":[62],"safety-net":[63,97,143,185,202,219,249,271,300,313],"without":[65],"or":[68],"reduce":[72,303],"their":[73],"skill":[74,224,243,284,310],"mix,":[75,225,285],"is,":[77],"proportion":[79,229],"registered":[81,231],"nurses":[82,232],"all":[84,166,268],"nursing":[85],"staff.":[86],"We":[87,102],"examined":[88],"differential":[90],"effect":[91,135,171,214],"on":[96,139,155,215],"non-safety-net":[99,145,187,221,236,315],"METHODS:":[101],"used":[103],"time-series":[105],"design":[106],"with":[107,176],"Annual":[108],"Hospital":[109],"Disclosure":[110],"data":[111],"files":[112],"from":[113],"Office":[116],"Statewide":[118],"Health":[119],"Planning":[120],"Development":[122],"(OSHPD)":[123],"years":[126],"1998":[127],"2007":[129],"assess":[131],"differences":[132],"outcomes":[141],"FINDINGS:":[147],"The":[148,169,193,251],"resulted":[150],"significant":[152,210],"improvements,":[154],"average":[156],"nearly":[157],"full":[159],"per":[161],"fewer":[163],"(-0.98)":[164],"greatest":[170],"those":[174],"lowest":[178],"levels":[180,200,217],"at":[181,278],"outset,":[183],"both":[184],"hospitals,":[188,203,269],"as":[189,286],"legislation":[191],"intended.":[192],"led":[195],"significantly":[197],"although":[204],"there":[205],"small":[208],"difference":[211,252],"Regarding":[223],"marginally":[227],"higher":[228],"seen":[234],"following":[238],"mandate,":[240],"while":[241],"mix":[244,311],"remained":[245],"essentially":[246],"unchanged":[247],"between":[253],"two":[255],"groups":[256],"not":[260,276],"significant.":[261],"CONCLUSIONS:":[262],"including":[270],"Furthermore,":[273],"improvement":[274,298],"did":[275],"come":[277],"cost":[280],"reduced":[283],"feared.":[288],"Alternative":[289],"more":[291],"targeted":[292],"designs,":[293],"however,":[294],"might":[295],"yield":[296],"further":[297],"potential":[304],"disparities":[305]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
