{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1867675532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-2744-5","title":"Renewable energy technologies","display_name":"Renewable energy technologies","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1867675532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-2744-5","mag":"1867675532"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1596/0-8213-2744-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-2744-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-2744-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211768","display_name":"World Bank technical paper","issn_l":"0253-7494","issn":["0253-7494"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Bank Technical Papers","raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111416256","display_name":"Kulsum Ahmed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kulsum Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111416256"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.284,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12271","display_name":"Renewable energy and sustainable power systems","score":0.9189000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12271","display_name":"Renewable energy and sustainable power systems","score":0.9189000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14481","display_name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainability","score":0.043800000101327896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.007499999832361937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy-technologies","display_name":"renewable energy technologies","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-prices","display_name":"electricity prices","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaics","display_name":"photovoltaics","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-thermal-energy","display_name":"solar thermal energy","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-electricity","display_name":"biomass electricity","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethanol-production","display_name":"ethanol production","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-generation-bioethanol","display_name":"cellulosic ethanol","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-reduction","display_name":"cost reduction","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parabolic-trough-collector","display_name":"parabolic trough collector","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-junction-solar-cells","display_name":"multijunction solar cells","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thin-film-solar-cells","display_name":"thin-film solar cells","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-energy-storage","display_name":"solar energy storage","score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofuels","display_name":"biofuels","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"sustainable development","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-policy","display_name":"energy policy","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-adoption","display_name":"technology adoption","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-fuel-comparison","display_name":"fossil fuel comparison","score":0.37299999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6842518448829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4584083557128906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.34589481353759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.3455736041069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2169252634048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17590203881263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09689629077911377}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1596/0-8213-2744-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-2744-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-2744-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211768","display_name":"World Bank technical paper","issn_l":"0253-7494","issn":["0253-7494"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Bank Technical Papers","raw_type":"book"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W301725152","https://openalex.org/W623566469","https://openalex.org/W3083272394","https://openalex.org/W7033897660","https://openalex.org/W3122358835","https://openalex.org/W2183786677","https://openalex.org/W2036939211","https://openalex.org/W3196243666","https://openalex.org/W2463030724","https://openalex.org/W3198151272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"No":[0],"AccessWorld":[1],"Bank":[2],"Technical":[3],"Papers12":[4],"Aug":[5],"2013Renewable":[6],"energy":[7,44,359,384,396,465,482,566,627,657],"technologiesA":[8],"review":[9],"of":[10,15,41,52,87,120,143,154,166,202,223,231,267,273,296,316,325,328,341,357,375,453,458,486,513,526,545,559,571,602,614,640,643,649],"the":[11,33,36,59,85,91,141,163,167,173,189,199,205,234,244,317,321,337,378,387,454,461,484,498,548,562,572,605,617,626,638,641],"status":[12],"and":[13,38,46,57,68,73,97,130,146,180,213,238,263,271,293,298,333,339,350,377,407,417,460,470,473,489,497,523,547,561,575,584,604,616,651],"costs":[14,40,60,119,135,142,187],"selected":[16,42],"technologiesAuthors/Editors:":[17],"Kulsum":[18],"AhmedKulsum":[19],"Ahmedhttps://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-2744-5SectionsAboutPDF":[20],"(6.8":[21],"MB)":[22],"ToolsAdd":[23],"to":[24,94,106,111,178,186,191,360,425,503,661],"favoritesDownload":[25],"CitationsTrack":[26],"Citations":[27],"ShareFacebookTwitterLinked":[28],"In":[29],"Abstract:This":[30],"paper":[31],"examines":[32],"evidence":[34],"on":[35,61,336],"historic":[37],"projected":[39],"renewable":[43,358,395,481],"technologies":[45,158],"assesses":[47],"developments.":[48],"It":[49],"reviews":[50],"estimates":[51],"more":[53,240],"than":[54,241],"50":[55,242],"studies":[56],"expresses":[58],"a":[62,82,98,229,430],"common":[63],"basis":[64],"for":[65,70,207,249,288,301,394,412,587,598,621,637],"photovoltaics,":[66],"solar-thermal,":[67],"biomass":[69,123],"liquid":[71],"fuels":[72],"electricity":[74,121,155,361],"production.":[75],"Findings":[76],"show":[77,124,159],"that":[78],"there":[79],"has":[80],"been":[81],"decline":[83],"in":[84,116,150,172,188,198,277,307,320,344,363,371,466,480,495,567,658],"cost":[86,251],"ethanol":[88,112],"production":[89,275],"since":[90,243],"1970's,":[92],"attributable":[93],"technology":[95,104,471],"improvements":[96],"shift":[99],"toward":[100],"cheaper":[101],"crops.":[102],"The":[103,118,247,500],"developments":[105,259],"convert":[107],"low-cost":[108,208],"cellulosic":[109],"materials":[110],"promise":[113,279],"further":[114,250,280],"reductions":[115],"cost.":[117],"from":[122,156,255,405,422,429,625],"great":[125],"variability.":[126],"Costs":[127,153,222],"are":[128,171,253],"site-specific":[129],"vary":[131],"with":[132,140,260,434],"raw":[133],"material":[134],"but":[136],"still":[137],"compare":[138],"well":[139],"fossil-fired":[144],"generation":[145,149,201],"even":[147],"hydro":[148],"favorable":[151],"situations.":[152],"solar-thermal":[157],"much":[160],"variability":[161],"because--with":[162],"notable":[164],"exception":[165],"parabolic":[168],"trough":[169],"technology--all":[170],"experimental":[174],"stage.":[175],"However,":[176],"experience":[177],"date":[179],"engineering":[181],"analysis":[182],"both":[183],"point":[184],"consistently":[185],"5":[190],"10":[192,232],"cents":[193],"per":[194],"kilowatt":[195],"hour":[196],"range":[197],"next":[200],"schemes.":[203],"Furthermore,":[204],"possibilities":[206,248],"storage,":[209],"high":[210],"conversion":[211],"efficiencies,":[212],"short":[214],"lead":[215],"times":[216],"make":[217],"this":[218],"an":[219],"attractive":[220],"option.":[221],"photovoltaic":[224],"modules":[225],"have":[226],"decreased":[227],"by":[228,239,386],"factor":[230],"over":[233],"past":[235],"fifteen":[236],"years":[237],"early":[245],"1970s.":[246],"reduction":[252],"far":[254],"being":[256],"exhausted.":[257],"Key":[258],"concentrator":[261],"cells":[262],"multijunction":[264],"devices,":[265,270],"commercialization":[266],"new":[268],"thin-film":[269],"introduction":[272],"batch":[274],"processes":[276],"manufacturing":[278],"reductions.":[281],"Previous":[282],"bookNext":[283],"book":[284],"FiguresReferencesRecommendedDetailsCited":[285],"ByRenewable":[286],"Energy":[287,369,376,459,475,491,521,546,560,603,615,667],"Sustainable":[289,474,490,504,588],"Development1":[290],"October":[291],"2018Exergetic":[292],"economic":[294],"comparison":[295],"ORC":[297],"Kalina":[299],"cycle":[300],"low":[302],"temperature":[303],"enhanced":[304],"geothermal":[305,318],"system":[306],"BrazilApplied":[308],"Thermal":[309],"Engineering,":[310],"Vol.52,":[311],"No.1WITHDRAWN:":[312],"A":[313,451,596],"preliminary":[314],"investigation":[315],"resources":[319],"Jizan":[322],"area":[323],"SW":[324],"Saudi":[326,364],"ArabiaJournal":[327],"Asian":[329],"Earth":[330],"SciencesMarket,":[331],"Policy":[332],"Environmental":[334,351],"Influences":[335],"Creation":[338],"Adoption":[340],"Solar":[342],"Power":[343,650],"California,":[345],"1900-2010SSRN":[346],"Electronic":[347,438],"JournalEconomic":[348],"Performance":[349],"Assessment17":[352],"May":[353],"2010The":[354],"potential":[355],"contribution":[356],"supply":[362,628],"ArabiaEnergy":[365],"Policy,":[366,390,630,664],"Vol.33,":[367],"No.18Renewable":[368],"Markets":[370],"Developing":[372],"CountriesAnnual":[373],"Review":[374,452,457,544,558,601,613],"Environment,":[379,462,507,549,563,606,618],"Vol.27,":[380],"No.1Prevention":[381],"Versus":[382],"ControlRenewable":[383],"investment":[385],"World":[388],"BankEnergy":[389],"Vol.29,":[391],"No.9Developing":[392],"markets":[393],"technologiesRenewable":[397],"Energy,":[398,516,652],"Vol.22,":[399,550,564],"No.1-3Solar":[400],"Energy4":[401],"December":[402],"2000Solar":[403],"EnergyLearning":[404],"Variety":[406],"Competition":[408],"Between":[409],"Technological":[410],"Options":[411],"Generating":[413],"Photovoltaic":[414],"ElectricityTechnological":[415],"Forecasting":[416],"Social":[418],"Change,":[419],"Vol.63,":[420],"No.1Transition":[421],"Fossil":[423],"Fuels":[424],"Renewable":[426],"Energy:":[427],"Evidence":[428],"Dynamic":[431],"Simulation":[432],"Model":[433],"Endogenous":[435],"Resource":[436],"SubstitutionSSRN":[437],"JournalE":[439],"CONOMIC":[440],"G":[441],"ROWTH":[442],",":[443],"L":[444],"IBERALIZATION,":[445],"AND":[446,537,542,554,670,678],"THE":[447,538,671,679],"E":[448],"NVIRONMENT":[449],":":[450,483],"Economic":[455,599],"EvidenceAnnual":[456],"Vol.24,":[463,631],"No.1Renewable":[464,666],"Russia:":[467],"markets,":[468],"development":[469],"transferRenewable":[472],"Reviews,":[476,492],"Vol.3,":[477,590],"No.1Financing":[478],"investments":[479],"impacts":[485],"policy":[487],"designRenewable":[488],"Vol.2,":[493],"No.4Photovoltaics":[494],"Africa":[496],"gef:":[499],"Right":[501],"Path":[502],"Development?Energy":[505],"&":[506,691,696],"Vol.9,":[508],"No.321":[509],"July":[510],"2016Likely":[511],"market-penetrations":[512],"renewable-energy":[514],"technologiesApplied":[515],"Vol.59,":[517],"No.1Endogenous":[518],"Substitution":[519],"among":[520],"Resources":[522],"Global":[524],"WarmingJournal":[525],"Political":[527],"Economy,":[528],"Vol.105,":[529],"No.6INTERNATIONAL":[530],"TECHNOLOGY":[531,553],"TRANSFER":[532],"FOR":[533,556],"CLIMATE":[534],"CHANGE":[535],"MITIGATION":[536],"CASES":[539],"OF":[540,710],"RUSSIA":[541],"CHINAAnnual":[543],"No.1RENEWABLE":[551],"ENERGY":[552,592,701,718],"POLICY":[555],"DEVELOPMENTAnnual":[557],"No.1Biomass":[565],"industrialised":[568],"countries\u2014a":[569],"view":[570],"futureForest":[573],"Ecology":[574],"Management,":[576],"Vol.91,":[577],"No.1The":[578],"Improved":[579],"Biogas":[580],"Systems":[581],"Project:":[582],"results":[583],"future":[585],"workEnergy":[586],"Development,":[589],"No.4RURAL":[591],"IN":[593],"DEVELOPING":[594],"COUNTRIES:":[595],"Challenge":[597],"DevelopmentAnnual":[600],"Vol.21,":[607,619],"No.1PROGRESS":[608],"COMMERCIALIZING":[609],"SOLAR-ELECTRIC":[610],"POWER":[611,672,680],"SYSTEMSAnnual":[612],"No.1Options":[620],"reducing":[622],"CO2":[623],"emissions":[624],"sectorEnergy":[629],"No.10-11Biomass:":[632],"An":[633],"Environmentally":[634],"Acceptable":[635],"Fuel":[636],"FutureProceedings":[639],"Institution":[642],"Mechanical":[644],"Engineers,":[645],"Part":[646],"A:":[647],"Journal":[648],"Vol.209,":[653],"No.35":[654],"August":[655],"2016Biomass":[656],"Western":[659],"Europe":[660],"2050Land":[662],"Use":[663],"Vol.12,":[665,675,683],"SupplyENVIRONMENTAL":[668],"SUSTAINABILITY":[669,677],"SECTORImpact":[673,681],"Assessment,":[674,682],"No.4ENVIRONMENTAL":[676],"No.3":[684],"View":[685],"Published:":[686],"January":[687],"1994ISBN:":[688],"978-0-8213-2744-9":[689],"Copyright":[690],"Permissions":[692],"Related":[693],"RegionsLatin":[694],"America":[695],"CaribbeanRelated":[697],"TopicsEnergyEnvironment":[698],"KeywordsENERGY":[699],"TECHNOLOGYRENEWABLE":[700],"RESOURCESBIOMASS":[702],"ENERGYSOLAR":[703],"ENERGYTHERMAL":[704],"ENERGYPHOTOVOLTAIC":[705],"ENERGYENVIRONMENTAL":[706],"EFFECTSENERGY":[707],"PRICESTECHNOLOGICAL":[708],"INNOVATIONSCOSTS":[709],"ELECTRICITYELECTRICITY":[711],"FROM":[712,715],"BIOMASSENERGY":[713],"SOURCESETHANOLETHANOL":[714],"BIOMASSPOWERRENEWABLE":[716],"ENERGYRENEWABLE":[717],"TECHNOLOGIESTHERMAL":[719],"PLANTTHERMAL":[720],"TECHNOLOGIES":[721],"PDF":[722],"DownloadLoading":[723],"...":[724]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-13T07:04:57.449891","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
