{"id":"https://openalex.org/W186504072","doi":null,"title":"The Effects of Cationic Contamination on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells","display_name":"The Effects of Cationic Contamination on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W186504072","mag":"186504072"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etd.ohiolink.edu:case1228255795","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228255795","pdf_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228255795","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196344","display_name":"OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210155183","host_organization_name":"Ohio Library and Information Network","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228255795","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228255795","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060325551","display_name":"Brian L. Kienitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0648-0303","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0648-0303"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian Kienitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Case Western Reserve University ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0648-0303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Case Western Reserve University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060325551"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02174448,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10311","display_name":"Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cells","display_name":"proton exchange membrane fuel cells","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cell-durability","display_name":"fuel cell durability","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionomers","display_name":"ionomers","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange","display_name":"proton exchange","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cell-degradation","display_name":"fuel cell degradation","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-fuel-cells","display_name":"hydrogen fuel cells","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contamination-mechanisms","display_name":"contamination mechanisms","score":0.3799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.8258612155914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183882617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046749","display_name":"Cationic polymerization","level":2,"score":0.7468489408493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68801617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908","display_name":"Electrolyte","level":3,"score":0.7058525085449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132319479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899619","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","level":3,"score":0.6870946884155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.5776298642158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776171763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290308","display_name":"Ionomer","level":4,"score":0.5022802352905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.49209803342819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4821767210960388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4764597415924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104304963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5316114","display_name":"Durability","level":2,"score":0.4532637596130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3919926583766937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.33945247530937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3338942527770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.21891093254089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.14772114157676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.10124772787094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08959847688674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.07808253169059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15920480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281","display_name":"Copolymer","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:etd.ohiolink.edu:case1228255795","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228255795","pdf_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228255795","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196344","display_name":"OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210155183","host_organization_name":"Ohio Library and Information Network","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228255795","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:186504072","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228255795","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etd.ohiolink.edu:case1228255795","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228255795","pdf_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228255795","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196344","display_name":"OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210155183","host_organization_name":"Ohio Library and Information Network","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228255795","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9090999960899353}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G286898171","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC52-06NA2-5396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G310521049","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DEAC52- 06NA25396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","funder_display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3700687868","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC52-06NA25396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","funder_display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5657628048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC52-06NA25396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G75892134","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC52-06NA25396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","funder_display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03sk1we31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W186504072.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W186504072.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82431870","https://openalex.org/W1738033525","https://openalex.org/W1974287974","https://openalex.org/W1980723771","https://openalex.org/W1982772445","https://openalex.org/W1985316960","https://openalex.org/W1986596554","https://openalex.org/W1994540973","https://openalex.org/W1995400389","https://openalex.org/W1999468792","https://openalex.org/W2007884836","https://openalex.org/W2017320834","https://openalex.org/W2018808527","https://openalex.org/W2020866450","https://openalex.org/W2021209588","https://openalex.org/W2022124695","https://openalex.org/W2024503084","https://openalex.org/W2029877130","https://openalex.org/W2034432122","https://openalex.org/W2044307855","https://openalex.org/W2045715146","https://openalex.org/W2051992949","https://openalex.org/W2053097042","https://openalex.org/W2055992216","https://openalex.org/W2062412036","https://openalex.org/W2065349920","https://openalex.org/W2072435884","https://openalex.org/W2073184084","https://openalex.org/W2073336309","https://openalex.org/W2080592273","https://openalex.org/W2086820336","https://openalex.org/W2089692988","https://openalex.org/W2091166494","https://openalex.org/W2115787744","https://openalex.org/W2132905138","https://openalex.org/W2142065917","https://openalex.org/W2162193381","https://openalex.org/W2164008457","https://openalex.org/W2171743874","https://openalex.org/W2172087462","https://openalex.org/W2323433981","https://openalex.org/W2326708719","https://openalex.org/W2334085921","https://openalex.org/W2487515782","https://openalex.org/W2620699773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039717149","https://openalex.org/W2328676534","https://openalex.org/W2347701448","https://openalex.org/W2033468014","https://openalex.org/W4411008079","https://openalex.org/W2786066633","https://openalex.org/W4230358951","https://openalex.org/W4254010794","https://openalex.org/W2599227996","https://openalex.org/W2061491448"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"by":[0,112,149],"Brian":[1],"Kienitz":[2],"Polymer":[3],"electrolyte":[4],"membrane":[5],"fuel":[6,30,58,97,124,158],"cells":[7,31,177],"(PEMFCs)":[8],"running":[9],"on":[10,26,78,143],"hydrogen":[11],"hold":[12],"great":[13],"promise":[14],"to":[15,67,108,127,152,180,192],"provide":[16],"a":[17,84,162,193],"source":[18],"of":[19,43,48,63,75,96,104,116,164,166,183],"clean":[20],"energy":[21],"and":[22,70,155],"reduce":[23,57],"our":[24],"dependence":[25],"foreign":[27,49],"oil,":[28],"but":[29],"must":[32],"become":[33],"more":[34],"durable":[35],"before":[36],"they":[37],"can":[38,141,172],"be":[39,173],"implemented.":[40],"The":[41,61,88,100,119,168],"effects":[42,74,137,146],"cationic":[44,76,117,139],"contamination,":[45],"the":[46,54,73,94,114,129,135,181],"process":[47],"cations":[50],"replacing":[51],"protons":[52,184],"in":[53,195],"ionomer":[55],"phase,":[56],"cell":[59,98,125,159],"durability.":[60],"purpose":[62],"this":[64],"study":[65,133],"was":[66,81],"experimentally":[68],"determine":[69],"subsequently":[71],"model":[72],"contamination":[77,140],"PEMFCs.":[79,144],"This":[80,132,188],"accomplished":[82],"using":[83],"three":[85],"branched":[86],"approach.":[87],"first":[89],"branch":[90,102,121],"included":[91],"experiments":[92],"evaluating":[93],"performance":[95,160],"systems.":[99],"second":[101],"consisted":[103],"theory":[105],"based":[106],"models":[107],"explain":[109],"experimental":[110],"observations":[111],"postulating":[113],"mechanisms":[115],"contamination.":[118,167],"final":[120],"used":[122],"alternative":[123],"configurations":[126],"validate":[128],"mechanistic":[130],"postulates.":[131],"shows":[134],"drastic":[136],"that":[138,171,185],"have":[142],"These":[145],"were":[147],"quantified":[148],"contaminating":[150],"PEMFCs":[151],"known":[153],"amounts":[154],"then":[156],"assessing":[157],"as":[161],"function":[163],"level":[165],"maximum":[169],"power":[170],"harnessed":[174],"from":[175],"contaminated":[176],"decreases":[178],"proportionally":[179],"percentage":[182],"are":[186],"replaced.":[187],"decrease":[189,194],"is":[190],"due":[191],"electrode":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}