{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1864003541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03404-1_15","title":"Imperialist Competitive Algorithm","display_name":"Imperialist Competitive Algorithm","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1864003541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03404-1_15","mag":"1864003541"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03404-1_15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03404-1_15","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03404-1_15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212400","display_name":"Intelligent systems reference library","issn_l":"1868-4394","issn":["1868-4394","1868-4408"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Systems Reference Library","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2498083054","display_name":"Innovative Computational Intelligence: A Rough Guide to 134 Clever Algorithms"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101878793","display_name":"Bo Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2035-088X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2035-088X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, \nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","University of Pretoria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, \nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pretoria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110931950","display_name":"Wen-Jing Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6675-8754","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6675-8754"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Jing Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of New Product Development, Meiyuan Mould Design and Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Xianghe, People\u2019s Republic of China","Meiyuan Mould Design and Manufacturing Co., Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of New Product Development, Meiyuan Mould Design and Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Xianghe, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meiyuan Mould Design and Manufacturing Co., Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101878793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.9518,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97801047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"203","last_page":"209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperialist-competitive-algorithm","display_name":"imperialist competitive algorithm","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic-optimization","display_name":"metaheuristic optimization","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperialism","display_name":"imperialism","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-intelligence","display_name":"swarm intelligence","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-algorithms","display_name":"optimization algorithms","score":0.4449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101219045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859646","display_name":"Imperialist competitive algorithm","level":4,"score":0.9326848983764648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776993492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19097","display_name":"Sect","level":2,"score":0.6887011528015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4333982467651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41586828231811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4143880009651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41185638308525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3529493808746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3493601679801941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.28842052817344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.15611961483955383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15211230516433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122357587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","level":3,"score":0.10015296936035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03404-1_15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03404-1_15","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03404-1_15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212400","display_name":"Intelligent systems reference library","issn_l":"1868-4394","issn":["1868-4394","1868-4408"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Systems Reference Library","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82961250","https://openalex.org/W95263423","https://openalex.org/W1969771843","https://openalex.org/W1981749185","https://openalex.org/W2019091370","https://openalex.org/W2029254187","https://openalex.org/W2033011996","https://openalex.org/W2051606730","https://openalex.org/W2052755062","https://openalex.org/W2063161760","https://openalex.org/W2069046213","https://openalex.org/W2072305213","https://openalex.org/W2084085243","https://openalex.org/W2100534998","https://openalex.org/W2109727226","https://openalex.org/W2188155962","https://openalex.org/W2201742291","https://openalex.org/W2297713582","https://openalex.org/W2321576255","https://openalex.org/W2337815710","https://openalex.org/W4237564133","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391318896","https://openalex.org/W2236668051","https://openalex.org/W2534806982","https://openalex.org/W2973281241","https://openalex.org/W2033011996","https://openalex.org/W7096416906","https://openalex.org/W2581582034","https://openalex.org/W4324119821","https://openalex.org/W2101903578","https://openalex.org/W2099552132"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}