{"id":"https://openalex.org/W18633765","doi":null,"title":"Effect of the ligands of thyroid hormone receptor on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","display_name":"Effect of the ligands of thyroid hormone receptor on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W18633765","mag":"18633765"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.unica.it:477","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://veprints.unica.it/477/1/kowalik.pdf","pdf_url":"http://veprints.unica.it/477/1/kowalik.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922883","display_name":"VEprints - Universita degli Studi di Cagliari","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Tesi di dottorato"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266003","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003190553","display_name":"Marta Anna Kowalik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9868-5674","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9868-5674"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kowalik, Marta Anna","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003190553"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0018167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10966","display_name":"Liver physiology and pathology","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11465","display_name":"Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease","display_name":"non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid-hormone-receptor-beta","display_name":"thyroid hormone receptor beta","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triiodothyronine","display_name":"triiodothyronine","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gc-1","display_name":"GC-1","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatic-steatosis","display_name":"hepatic steatosis","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steatohepatitis","display_name":"steatohepatitis","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatty-acid-beta-oxidation","display_name":"fatty acid beta-oxidation","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-peroxidation","display_name":"lipid peroxidation","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclooxygenase-2","display_name":"cyclooxygenase-2","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stat3","display_name":"STAT3","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jnk","display_name":"JNK","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-fibrosis","display_name":"liver fibrosis","score":0.5519999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2335423","display_name":"Steatohepatitis","level":4,"score":0.8586417436599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778772119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058862","display_name":"Fatty liver","level":3,"score":0.8015280365943909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.7775259613990784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.7621471881866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365091","display_name":"Steatosis","level":2,"score":0.6865662932395935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777214474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778","display_name":"Cirrhosis","level":2,"score":0.603778064250946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993741276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058862","display_name":"Alcoholic fatty liver","level":4,"score":0.6031771898269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778288131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327362","display_name":"Triiodothyronine","level":3,"score":0.5862941145896912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44353895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6556772","display_name":"Lipotoxicity","level":4,"score":0.5249048471450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109115496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539644","display_name":"Thyroid hormone receptor","level":3,"score":0.48454776406288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526584372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16399","display_name":"Thyroid","level":2,"score":0.4664570391178131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.4298965334892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.42715027928352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141359234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734301","display_name":"Lipogenesis","level":3,"score":0.4156048893928528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.33005309104919434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4733338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2792936","display_name":"Lipid metabolism","level":2,"score":0.23127934336662292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.13781967759132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.1350797414779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.09292861819267273}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.unica.it:477","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://veprints.unica.it/477/1/kowalik.pdf","pdf_url":"http://veprints.unica.it/477/1/kowalik.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922883","display_name":"VEprints - Universita degli Studi di Cagliari","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Tesi di dottorato"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/266003","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196293","display_name":"UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","host_organization_name":"University of Cagliari","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/266003","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196293","display_name":"UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","host_organization_name":"University of Cagliari","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":143,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114299207","https://openalex.org/W137548726","https://openalex.org/W186082925","https://openalex.org/W193903826","https://openalex.org/W969915667","https://openalex.org/W1569473466","https://openalex.org/W1584212931","https://openalex.org/W1586986973","https://openalex.org/W1598238478","https://openalex.org/W1910910895","https://openalex.org/W1919133853","https://openalex.org/W1923086194","https://openalex.org/W1960389768","https://openalex.org/W1963533730","https://openalex.org/W1964010911","https://openalex.org/W1968813633","https://openalex.org/W1972709924","https://openalex.org/W1972970126","https://openalex.org/W1975023205","https://openalex.org/W1978045299","https://openalex.org/W1978957229","https://openalex.org/W1979582511","https://openalex.org/W1981434053","https://openalex.org/W1986257201","https://openalex.org/W1987120082","https://openalex.org/W1988348937","https://openalex.org/W1989139878","https://openalex.org/W1990675136","https://openalex.org/W1992864925","https://openalex.org/W1993266217","https://openalex.org/W1993281511","https://openalex.org/W1995857646","https://openalex.org/W1996716971","https://openalex.org/W1997815089","https://openalex.org/W1997873916","https://openalex.org/W2001471462","https://openalex.org/W2004141049","https://openalex.org/W2005046746","https://openalex.org/W2007516026","https://openalex.org/W2012792036","https://openalex.org/W2012905650","https://openalex.org/W2012928524","https://openalex.org/W2013820827","https://openalex.org/W2015643123","https://openalex.org/W2017806914","https://openalex.org/W2018663037","https://openalex.org/W2019280401","https://openalex.org/W2023168595","https://openalex.org/W2025160818","https://openalex.org/W2029274167","https://openalex.org/W2029275361","https://openalex.org/W2030509668","https://openalex.org/W2033957878","https://openalex.org/W2038405427","https://openalex.org/W2038654926","https://openalex.org/W2040109162","https://openalex.org/W2040648203","https://openalex.org/W2041756411","https://openalex.org/W2041930667","https://openalex.org/W2044236317","https://openalex.org/W2047257800","https://openalex.org/W2051256772","https://openalex.org/W2052378749","https://openalex.org/W2052701666","https://openalex.org/W2053331006","https://openalex.org/W2054027245","https://openalex.org/W2054162510","https://openalex.org/W2056961869","https://openalex.org/W2057522312","https://openalex.org/W2058709707","https://openalex.org/W2060388798","https://openalex.org/W2062560800","https://openalex.org/W2066839216","https://openalex.org/W2071288609","https://openalex.org/W2071906706","https://openalex.org/W2071997319","https://openalex.org/W2074532062","https://openalex.org/W2076204761","https://openalex.org/W2077294661","https://openalex.org/W2079584033","https://openalex.org/W2079862985","https://openalex.org/W2080361134","https://openalex.org/W2082449980","https://openalex.org/W2085867188","https://openalex.org/W2087393533","https://openalex.org/W2087829753","https://openalex.org/W2088070667","https://openalex.org/W2088961717","https://openalex.org/W2089264179","https://openalex.org/W2089288753","https://openalex.org/W2089552551","https://openalex.org/W2090024435","https://openalex.org/W2091258310","https://openalex.org/W2093680564","https://openalex.org/W2094260448","https://openalex.org/W2100433915","https://openalex.org/W2103156933","https://openalex.org/W2104492370","https://openalex.org/W2105651504","https://openalex.org/W2105808768","https://openalex.org/W2107267410","https://openalex.org/W2107525719","https://openalex.org/W2108678340","https://openalex.org/W2109977819","https://openalex.org/W2111136103","https://openalex.org/W2112614409","https://openalex.org/W2115333838","https://openalex.org/W2119033402","https://openalex.org/W2124664603","https://openalex.org/W2126372864","https://openalex.org/W2127031535","https://openalex.org/W2127281349","https://openalex.org/W2130586216","https://openalex.org/W2136190342","https://openalex.org/W2137683709","https://openalex.org/W2138515025","https://openalex.org/W2140126848","https://openalex.org/W2142844314","https://openalex.org/W2144783460","https://openalex.org/W2145585333","https://openalex.org/W2145757273","https://openalex.org/W2146661415","https://openalex.org/W2148246150","https://openalex.org/W2150176853","https://openalex.org/W2153118948","https://openalex.org/W2154456365","https://openalex.org/W2155846381","https://openalex.org/W2158718494","https://openalex.org/W2160131170","https://openalex.org/W2160166542","https://openalex.org/W2163125007","https://openalex.org/W2163207725","https://openalex.org/W2165956314","https://openalex.org/W2166757392","https://openalex.org/W2167743390","https://openalex.org/W2170321705","https://openalex.org/W2189100180","https://openalex.org/W2224030459","https://openalex.org/W2247149472","https://openalex.org/W2286787852","https://openalex.org/W2491872860","https://openalex.org/W2509918633","https://openalex.org/W3149847267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2159560542","https://openalex.org/W2026572644","https://openalex.org/W1974161411","https://openalex.org/W3032348932","https://openalex.org/W4200547359","https://openalex.org/W3008883181","https://openalex.org/W2119917646","https://openalex.org/W2744696431","https://openalex.org/W4319299284","https://openalex.org/W3111008673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"term":[1],"non-alcoholic":[2],"fatty":[3,79,105,121,129,141],"liver":[4,53,80,106,168],"disease":[5],"(NAFLD)":[6],"has":[7,192],"been":[8],"used":[9],"as":[10],"a":[11,30,87,103,116,164,172,223],"general":[12],"name":[13],"for":[14,33,44,48,99,149,156],"conditions":[15],"ranging":[16],"from":[17],"simple":[18],"steatosis":[19,169,220],"to":[20,215],"steatohepatitis,":[21],"advanced":[22],"fibrosis":[23],"and":[24,66,81,107,127,152,179,183,201],"cirrhosis.":[25],"End-stage":[26],"NAFLD":[27],"cirrhosis":[28],"carries":[29],"substantial":[31],"risk":[32],"early":[34],"hepatocellular":[35],"carcinoma":[36],"development.":[37],"Therefore,":[38],"there":[39],"is":[40],"an":[41],"increasing":[42],"need":[43],"new":[45],"therapeutic":[46],"approaches":[47],"the":[49,58,61,67,70,96,120,146,213],"treatment":[50],"of":[51,60,69,112,119,160,167,174,181],"this":[52],"disease.":[54],"Here,":[55],"we":[56],"examined":[57],"effect":[59],"thyroid":[62,71],"hormone":[63,72],"triiodothyronine":[64],"(T3)":[65],"agonist":[68],"receptor":[73],"\u03b2":[74],"isoform":[75],"(TR\u03b2),":[76],"GC-1,":[77,190],"on":[78,197],"steatohepatitis":[82],"induced":[83,221],"in":[84,115,163],"rodents":[85],"by":[86,222],"choline-deficient,":[88],"methionine-restricted":[89],"(CMD)":[90],"diet.":[91],"\\nMale":[92],"Fischer":[93],"rats":[94,143],"fed":[95,145],"CMD":[97,147],"diet":[98,148],"1":[100,157],"week":[101],"developed":[102],"marked":[104],"mild":[108],"hepatitis.":[109],"Concurrent":[110],"administration":[111],"T3":[113,135,155,161],"resulted":[114,162],"complete":[117,165],"prevention":[118],"change":[122],"associated":[123,170],"with":[124,171],"increased":[125],"mitochondrial":[126],"peroxisomal":[128],"acid":[130],"beta-oxidation.":[131],"To":[132],"investigate":[133],"whether":[134],"could":[136],"also":[137],"reverse":[138,218],"fully":[139],"established":[140],"liver,":[142],"were":[144],"10":[150],"weeks":[151],"then":[153],"cofed":[154],"week.":[158],"Coadministration":[159],"regression":[166],"decrease":[173],"lipid":[175],"peroxidation,":[176],"cyclooxygenase-2":[177],"expression,":[178],"activation":[180],"phospho-STAT3":[182],"phospho-SAPK/JNK.":[184],"Finally,":[185],"additional":[186],"experiments":[187],"showed":[188],"that":[189,209],"which":[191],"no":[193],"significant":[194],"side":[195],"effects":[196],"heart":[198],"rate,":[199],"prevented":[200],"reverted":[202],"CMD-induced":[203],"fat":[204],"accumulation.":[205],"\\nThese":[206],"results":[207],"indicate":[208],"TR":[210],"agonists":[211],"have":[212],"potential":[214],"inhibit":[216],"or":[217],"hepatic":[219],"nutritional":[224],"model.":[225],"\\n":[226]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}