{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1862394832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.00922.x","title":"Global Outsourcing Relationships and Innovation: A Conceptual Framework and Research Propositions","display_name":"Global Outsourcing Relationships and Innovation: A Conceptual Framework and Research Propositions","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1862394832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.00922.x","mag":"1862394832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.00922.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.00922.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.00922.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93630570","display_name":"Journal of Product Innovation Management","issn_l":"0737-6782","issn":["0737-6782","1540-5885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Product Innovation Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103703040","display_name":"Subroto Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4678-1415","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4678-1415"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subroto Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004733277","display_name":"K. Sivakumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9628-783X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9628-783X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. Sivakumar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004733277"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.03,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95995801,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"4","first_page":"513","last_page":"530"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-outsourcing","display_name":"international outsourcing","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-services","display_name":"knowledge services","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation","display_name":"innovation","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transition-management","display_name":"transition management","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"control theory","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-competencies","display_name":"core competencies","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tacit-knowledge","display_name":"tacit knowledge","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-control","display_name":"relational control","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-control","display_name":"behavioral control","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incremental-innovation","display_name":"incremental innovation","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radical-innovation","display_name":"radical innovation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing-providers","display_name":"outsourcing providers","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globalization","display_name":"globalization","score":0.546999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.9149401783943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108474776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2917279","display_name":"Knowledge process outsourcing","level":3,"score":0.7378567457199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.627535343170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6110205054283142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.6007369756698608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.5397326350212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.5164585113525391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164065428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201929","display_name":"Core competency","level":2,"score":0.509556770324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.5043810606002808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.43695706129074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3859083652496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.352877676486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3359048366546631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.21175184845924377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.1570601761341095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15140777826309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.08674472570419312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.00922.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.00922.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.00922.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93630570","display_name":"Journal of Product Innovation Management","issn_l":"0737-6782","issn":["0737-6782","1540-5885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Product Innovation Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48092728","https://openalex.org/W51215947","https://openalex.org/W82585202","https://openalex.org/W148946587","https://openalex.org/W1485833866","https://openalex.org/W1494912110","https://openalex.org/W1519913602","https://openalex.org/W1531064677","https://openalex.org/W1544121820","https://openalex.org/W1575943594","https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W1965703329","https://openalex.org/W1976688656","https://openalex.org/W1976775794","https://openalex.org/W1978311462","https://openalex.org/W1980412754","https://openalex.org/W1980724258","https://openalex.org/W1983719066","https://openalex.org/W1984947023","https://openalex.org/W1985771617","https://openalex.org/W1986051532","https://openalex.org/W1988065078","https://openalex.org/W1991701667","https://openalex.org/W1995909523","https://openalex.org/W1998704015","https://openalex.org/W2003611878","https://openalex.org/W2014435970","https://openalex.org/W2015768035","https://openalex.org/W2024820228","https://openalex.org/W2024932654","https://openalex.org/W2031094773","https://openalex.org/W2031568951","https://openalex.org/W2036063909","https://openalex.org/W2037384463","https://openalex.org/W2038429943","https://openalex.org/W2039156879","https://openalex.org/W2046860135","https://openalex.org/W2048372887","https://openalex.org/W2064050957","https://openalex.org/W2068443906","https://openalex.org/W2071673146","https://openalex.org/W2072605044","https://openalex.org/W2078094607","https://openalex.org/W2095299437","https://openalex.org/W2095561982","https://openalex.org/W2097763228","https://openalex.org/W2098006196","https://openalex.org/W2099641816","https://openalex.org/W2099670044","https://openalex.org/W2100585123","https://openalex.org/W2101649877","https://openalex.org/W2103173400","https://openalex.org/W2108589723","https://openalex.org/W2109493767","https://openalex.org/W2109783817","https://openalex.org/W2114225697","https://openalex.org/W2119836473","https://openalex.org/W2121175754","https://openalex.org/W2128500420","https://openalex.org/W2136904599","https://openalex.org/W2139466199","https://openalex.org/W2142167096","https://openalex.org/W2144643403","https://openalex.org/W2145370936","https://openalex.org/W2145753420","https://openalex.org/W2146458355","https://openalex.org/W2149230285","https://openalex.org/W2157023132","https://openalex.org/W2159422426","https://openalex.org/W2160118361","https://openalex.org/W2161318016","https://openalex.org/W2167895888","https://openalex.org/W2179492332","https://openalex.org/W2313709257","https://openalex.org/W2313992398","https://openalex.org/W2315084850","https://openalex.org/W2319446843","https://openalex.org/W2323771037","https://openalex.org/W2330864153","https://openalex.org/W2483491316","https://openalex.org/W2530540404","https://openalex.org/W2612428913","https://openalex.org/W2615519615","https://openalex.org/W2727786347","https://openalex.org/W2889260602","https://openalex.org/W3023073054","https://openalex.org/W3123884897","https://openalex.org/W3124175488","https://openalex.org/W4234122851","https://openalex.org/W4237802517","https://openalex.org/W4246854862","https://openalex.org/W4249149673","https://openalex.org/W4254124320","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4388147587","https://openalex.org/W6634024652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1784346112","https://openalex.org/W7099836032","https://openalex.org/W1943782850","https://openalex.org/W2801188306","https://openalex.org/W7098236714","https://openalex.org/W1501409616","https://openalex.org/W231471029","https://openalex.org/W602385091","https://openalex.org/W1570248455","https://openalex.org/W2588388372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increasing":[0],"globalization":[1],"and":[2,52,57,86,144,161,167,248],"the":[3,10,66,73,81,84,95,113,122,139,165,187,223,239,257,260,265],"rapid":[4],"growth":[5],"of":[6,20,34,61,68,75,83,97,115,155,164,173,205,256,259,311],"information":[7,45],"technologies,":[8],"including":[9,157],"Internet,":[11],"have":[12,295],"resulted":[13],"in":[14,17,94,129,142,211,237,253,289],"drastic":[15],"changes":[16],"international":[18],"activities":[19,163],"companies.":[21],"Once":[22],"limited":[23],"to":[24,92,101,106,120,147,185,208,225,280,315],"manufactured":[25],"goods,":[26],"currently,":[27],"global":[28,76,127,246],"outsourcing":[29,62,128,143,195,204],"encompasses":[30],"a":[31,135,152,170,212],"wide":[32],"variety":[33],"knowledge\u2010based":[35,63,159,206],"services,":[36,41,160],"such":[37],"as":[38],"accounting,":[39],"financial":[40],"taxation,":[42],"customer":[43],"service,":[44],"technology,":[46],"engineering":[47],"drawings,":[48],"human":[49],"resources,":[50],"research":[51,79,118,125,183],"development":[53],"(R&D),":[54],"data":[55],"processing,":[56],"sales.":[58],"The":[59],"domain":[60],"services":[64,207],"is":[65,222,235,264],"focus":[67],"this":[69,78],"paper.":[70],"Moving":[71],"beyond":[72],"inevitability":[74],"outsourcing,":[77,156],"takes":[80,151],"perspective":[82,154],"outsourcer":[85],"focuses":[87],"on":[88,126,177,192],"managing":[89],"its":[90,145],"transition":[91,109,140,258],"providers":[93,247],"context":[96],"innovation.":[98,333],"In":[99],"addition":[100],"delivering":[102],"projected":[103],"cost":[104],"benefits":[105],"outsourcers,":[107],"effective":[108],"management":[110,197],"can":[111],"facilitate":[112],"generation":[114],"innovations.":[116],"This":[117],"attempts":[119],"extend":[121],"current":[123],"academic":[124],"three":[130],"ways:":[131],"(1)":[132,219],"It":[133],"offers":[134],"framework":[136],"for":[137,262,292],"understanding":[138],"process":[141],"relationship":[146],"innovation;":[148],"(2)":[149,230],"it":[150,180],"broader":[153],"globalization,":[158],"core":[162,227,281],"firm;":[166],"(3)":[168],"using":[169],"parsimonious":[171],"set":[172],"theoretical":[174],"concepts":[175],"based":[176],"control":[178,303],"theory,":[179],"develops":[181],"several":[182],"propositions":[184],"clarify":[186],"linkages":[188],"between":[189],"variables.":[190],"Based":[191],"our":[193,226],"theorizing,":[194],"top":[196],"should":[198,286],"ask":[199],"two":[200,216],"questions":[201,217],"when":[202],"planning":[203],"generate":[209],"innovations":[210],"globalized":[213],"world.":[214],"These":[215,308],"are:":[218],"How":[220],"close":[221,279],"task":[224,261],"competence?":[228],"And":[229],"how":[231],"much":[232],"tacit":[233,297],"knowledge":[234,298],"involved":[236],"doing":[238],"outsourced":[240],"task?":[241],"Next,":[242],"managers":[243],"must":[244],"identify":[245],"then":[249],"spend":[250],"considerable":[251],"thought":[252],"operational":[254],"execution":[255],"that":[263,268,277,294],"only":[266],"time":[267],"both":[269],"complete":[270],"teams":[271],"will":[272],"work":[273],"together.":[274],"For":[275],"tasks":[276,293],"are":[278],"competence,":[282],"rigid\u2010explicit":[283],"behavioral":[284,320],"controls":[285,312,321,329],"be":[287,305],"put":[288],"place;":[290],"however,":[291],"high":[296,300],"content,":[299],"norms\u2010based":[301,328],"relational":[302,327],"would":[304,313,322,330],"more":[306],"effective.":[307],"different":[309,316],"types":[310],"lead":[314],"innovation":[317,325],"outcomes.":[318],"Rigid\u2010explicit":[319],"produce":[323],"incremental":[324],"while":[326],"encourage":[331],"radical":[332]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}