{"id":"https://openalex.org/W186156709","doi":null,"title":"Comparison of ethanol fumigation systems for a diesel engine","display_name":"Comparison of ethanol fumigation systems for a diesel engine","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W186156709","mag":"186156709"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:186156709","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/5673731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085436860","display_name":"Geoffrey J. Shropshire","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. J. Shropshire","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026448635","display_name":"L. L. Bashford","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. L. Bashford","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13990","display_name":"Engine and Fuel Emissions","score":0.026399999856948853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-engines","display_name":"diesel engines","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioethanol","display_name":"bioethanol","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-distribution","display_name":"fuel distribution","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nozzle-configuration","display_name":"nozzle configuration","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-nozzles","display_name":"multiple nozzles","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-nozzle","display_name":"single nozzle","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-efficiency","display_name":"thermal efficiency","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airflow","display_name":"air flow","score":0.5509999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3531765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568968","display_name":"Inlet manifold","level":3,"score":0.8266469240188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56200935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250840","display_name":"Nozzle","level":2,"score":0.8236440420150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.629101037979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780804531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174174","display_name":"Diesel engine","level":2,"score":0.6211033463478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.5736532211303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203311528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34132","display_name":"Cylinder","level":2,"score":0.47692200541496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183562833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217312","display_name":"Cylinder head","level":3,"score":0.4673837423324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4560643434524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.3758265972137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36834314465522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26789534091949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511840579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12757","display_name":"Internal combustion engine","level":2,"score":0.22010859847068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:186156709","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/5673731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.75}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W596221417","https://openalex.org/W2077083428","https://openalex.org/W103776157","https://openalex.org/W2363617601","https://openalex.org/W7095867131","https://openalex.org/W2088841842","https://openalex.org/W1967354540","https://openalex.org/W1496132124","https://openalex.org/W2481392427","https://openalex.org/W2572506980"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ethanol":[0],"is":[1,16,76],"a":[2,43,102],"fuel":[3,34,107],"which":[4],"can":[5],"be":[6,109],"effectively":[7],"fumigated,":[8],"but":[9,89],"the":[10,19,24,31,71,74,78,85,110],"major":[11],"limitation":[12],"in":[13,17],"most":[14],"systems":[15,81],"getting":[18],"ethanol":[20],"uniformly":[21],"distributed":[22],"among":[23],"cylinders.":[25],"Thermal":[26],"efficiency,":[27],"air":[28],"flow":[29],"to":[30,84,92,112],"engine":[32,46],"inlet,":[33],"distribution":[35],"and":[36,51,64,94,114],"exhaust":[37],"smoke":[38],"density":[39],"were":[40,58,66],"measured,":[41],"using":[42],"6":[44],"cylinder":[45],"of":[47,62,73,105],"6.62":[48],"liter":[49],"displacement":[50],"100":[52],"kw":[53],"capacity.":[54],"Several":[55],"nozzle":[56,80,87],"arrangements":[57],"tried.":[59],"Four":[60],"combinations":[61],"load":[63],"speed":[65],"tested.":[67],"Results":[68],"showed":[69],"that":[70],"size":[72],"nozzles":[75],"significant,":[77],"multiple":[79],"being":[82],"superior":[83],"single":[86],"system,":[88,100],"impractical":[90],"due":[91],"manifold":[93],"head":[95],"design.":[96],"A":[97],"constant-flow":[98],"alcohol":[99],"replacing":[101],"varying":[103],"amount":[104],"diesel":[106],"would":[108],"simplest":[111],"build":[113],"install.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}