{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1861231237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21651.x","title":"Ubiquitous seeding of supermassive black holes by direct collapse","display_name":"Ubiquitous seeding of supermassive black holes by direct collapse","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1861231237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21651.x","mag":"1861231237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21651.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21651.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21651.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195663288","display_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","issn_l":"0035-8711","issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966","1365-8711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.6464","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069237360","display_name":"Bhaskar Agarwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1390-6170","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1390-6170"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091772","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4bwe12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210091772"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bhaskar Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Theoretical Modeling of Cosmic Structures Group; Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr extraterrestrische Physik; Giessenbachstra\u00dfe; 85748; Garching; Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical Modeling of Cosmic Structures Group; Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr extraterrestrische Physik; Giessenbachstra\u00dfe; 85748; Garching; Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091772"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043220042","display_name":"Sadegh Khochfar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5956-7843","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5956-7843"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091772","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4bwe12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210091772"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadegh Khochfar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Theoretical Modeling of Cosmic Structures Group; Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr extraterrestrische Physik; Giessenbachstra\u00dfe; 85748; Garching; Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical Modeling of Cosmic Structures Group; Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr extraterrestrische Physik; Giessenbachstra\u00dfe; 85748; Garching; Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091772"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078340650","display_name":"Jarrett L. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8002-2661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8002-2661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091772","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4bwe12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210091772"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jarrett L. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuclear and Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology Group (T-2), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA","Theoretical Modeling of Cosmic Structures Group, Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstra\u00dfe, 85748, Garching, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuclear and Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology Group (T-2), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical Modeling of Cosmic Structures Group, Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstra\u00dfe, 85748, Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091772"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015447128","display_name":"Eyal Neistein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091772","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4bwe12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210091772"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eyal Neistein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Theoretical Modeling of Cosmic Structures Group; Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr extraterrestrische Physik; Giessenbachstra\u00dfe; 85748; Garching; Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical Modeling of Cosmic Structures Group; Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr extraterrestrische Physik; Giessenbachstra\u00dfe; 85748; Garching; Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091772"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030376891","display_name":"Claudio Dalla Vecchia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2620-7056","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2620-7056"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091772","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4bwe12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210091772"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Dalla Vecchia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Theoretical Modeling of Cosmic Structures Group; Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr extraterrestrische Physik; Giessenbachstra\u00dfe; 85748; Garching; Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical Modeling of Cosmic Structures Group; Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr extraterrestrische Physik; Giessenbachstra\u00dfe; 85748; Garching; Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091772"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062387191","display_name":"Mario Livio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297127228","display_name":"Space Telescope Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/036f5mx38","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297127228","https://openalex.org/I1313867356"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Livio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Telescope Science Institute; 3700 San Martin Drive; Baltimore; MD; 21218; USA","Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Telescope Science Institute; 3700 San Martin Drive; Baltimore; MD; 21218; USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297127228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297127228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069237360"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091772"],"apc_list":{"value":2310,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3046},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.6908,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":247,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98998249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"425","issue":"4","first_page":"2854","last_page":"2871"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-collapse-black-holes","display_name":"direct collapse black holes","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supermassive-black-hole-seeds","display_name":"supermassive black hole seeds","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-seeding","display_name":"black hole seeding","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-hydrogen-cooling","display_name":"molecular hydrogen cooling","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-iii-stars","display_name":"Population III stars","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-ii-stars","display_name":"Population II stars","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-redshift-haloes","display_name":"high-redshift haloes","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/james-webb-space-telescope","display_name":"James Webb Space Telescope","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-universe","display_name":"early universe","score":0.492000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9576520919799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.7930706143379211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.6796225905418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125857072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744","display_name":"Star formation","level":3,"score":0.6599158048629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33024259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250","display_name":"Redshift","level":3,"score":0.6461015939712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5924936532974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173120059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40392","display_name":"Supermassive black hole","level":3,"score":0.5593055486679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184665706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186310","display_name":"Halo","level":3,"score":0.4887547492980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118396296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329273","display_name":"Gravitational collapse","level":2,"score":0.44877728819847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.38132330775260925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.228232741355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21651.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21651.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21651.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195663288","display_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","issn_l":"0035-8711","issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966","1365-8711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1205.6464","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1205.6464","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.6464","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_1673156","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000E-B596-B","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1205.6464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1205.6464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1205.6464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1205.6464","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1205.6464","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.6464","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":126,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595486755","https://openalex.org/W1613124003","https://openalex.org/W1659270580","https://openalex.org/W1680420368","https://openalex.org/W1859458409","https://openalex.org/W1873391640","https://openalex.org/W1880184444","https://openalex.org/W1929623410","https://openalex.org/W1960905533","https://openalex.org/W1967957775","https://openalex.org/W1969861166","https://openalex.org/W1970657138","https://openalex.org/W1972577223","https://openalex.org/W1975627161","https://openalex.org/W1975890942","https://openalex.org/W1977249213","https://openalex.org/W1977745211","https://openalex.org/W1978186191","https://openalex.org/W1979655710","https://openalex.org/W1983192361","https://openalex.org/W1985874059","https://openalex.org/W1986476404","https://openalex.org/W1986545671","https://openalex.org/W1991516723","https://openalex.org/W1991707754","https://openalex.org/W1993272415","https://openalex.org/W1993946334","https://openalex.org/W1997299253","https://openalex.org/W1998581888","https://openalex.org/W2004027882","https://openalex.org/W2005411300","https://openalex.org/W2008951024","https://openalex.org/W2009304147","https://openalex.org/W2015295900","https://openalex.org/W2017452204","https://openalex.org/W2019428480","https://openalex.org/W2020575263","https://openalex.org/W2021601088","https://openalex.org/W2023814393","https://openalex.org/W2024761368","https://openalex.org/W2026821040","https://openalex.org/W2030033273","https://openalex.org/W2031686533","https://openalex.org/W2032693675","https://openalex.org/W2034616099","https://openalex.org/W2038764228","https://openalex.org/W2040788677","https://openalex.org/W2041127769","https://openalex.org/W2041533101","https://openalex.org/W2042081950","https://openalex.org/W2045085053","https://openalex.org/W2051357441","https://openalex.org/W2053815430","https://openalex.org/W2061332790","https://openalex.org/W2064374052","https://openalex.org/W2065198265","https://openalex.org/W2065794384","https://openalex.org/W2068668958","https://openalex.org/W2073510197","https://openalex.org/W2074066104","https://openalex.org/W2075612026","https://openalex.org/W2079872195","https://openalex.org/W2083592770","https://openalex.org/W2083870045","https://openalex.org/W2084820236","https://openalex.org/W2088364530","https://openalex.org/W2088668851","https://openalex.org/W2090785531","https://openalex.org/W2100188138","https://openalex.org/W2103970376","https://openalex.org/W2107144741","https://openalex.org/W2108612422","https://openalex.org/W2110939566","https://openalex.org/W2113604553","https://openalex.org/W2116466430","https://openalex.org/W2125194653","https://openalex.org/W2131053676","https://openalex.org/W2132575702","https://openalex.org/W2132992047","https://openalex.org/W2133678282","https://openalex.org/W2134253073","https://openalex.org/W2134902627","https://openalex.org/W2135894620","https://openalex.org/W2139668055","https://openalex.org/W2140980425","https://openalex.org/W2141209304","https://openalex.org/W2141709306","https://openalex.org/W2145004006","https://openalex.org/W2147875900","https://openalex.org/W2148179707","https://openalex.org/W2152043060","https://openalex.org/W2152135535","https://openalex.org/W2160005867","https://openalex.org/W2170924363","https://openalex.org/W2171554667","https://openalex.org/W2596935055","https://openalex.org/W2950366220","https://openalex.org/W2988974665","https://openalex.org/W3022668787","https://openalex.org/W3023613093","https://openalex.org/W3047083842","https://openalex.org/W3098038125","https://openalex.org/W3098221464","https://openalex.org/W3098380947","https://openalex.org/W3098525794","https://openalex.org/W3099471130","https://openalex.org/W3099609930","https://openalex.org/W3100028230","https://openalex.org/W3100621008","https://openalex.org/W3100679294","https://openalex.org/W3100799550","https://openalex.org/W3101092402","https://openalex.org/W3102257307","https://openalex.org/W3102403098","https://openalex.org/W3102823774","https://openalex.org/W3104090367","https://openalex.org/W3104720847","https://openalex.org/W3104875212","https://openalex.org/W3104943214","https://openalex.org/W3105098764","https://openalex.org/W3106020746","https://openalex.org/W3112269525","https://openalex.org/W3123188609","https://openalex.org/W3125653881","https://openalex.org/W4231909478","https://openalex.org/W4297676377"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000951229","https://openalex.org/W4321076609","https://openalex.org/W1986541643","https://openalex.org/W3098171210","https://openalex.org/W2004185234","https://openalex.org/W2137198896","https://openalex.org/W4254324094","https://openalex.org/W2033522814","https://openalex.org/W3124281809","https://openalex.org/W1608989079"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,71,349],"study":[1],"for":[2,53,147,165,297],"the":[3,6,18,39,54,73,85,117,133,138,143,148,184,224,227,233,247,251,277,322,339,365],"first":[4],"time":[5],"environment":[7],"of":[8,21,41,56,77,119,151,160,175,187,213,226,229,236,250,272,279,289,369],"massive":[9,26,86,308],"black":[10],"hole":[11],"(BH)":[12],"seeds":[13],"(\u223c104\u20135":[14],"M\u2299)":[15,29],"formed":[16,341],"via":[17],"direct":[19,188],"collapse":[20,189],"pristine":[22,87],"gas":[23],"clouds":[24],"in":[25,89,137,154,169,183,334],"haloes":[27,44,88],"(\u2265107":[28],"at":[30,199,207,218,266,291,316,326],"z":[31,200,208,219,292,318,327,343],">":[32,256,328],"6.":[33,210],"Our":[34],"model":[35],"is":[36,92,243,274],"based":[37],"on":[38],"evolution":[40],"dark":[42],"matter":[43],"within":[45],"a":[46,109,170,180],"cosmological":[47],"N-body":[48],"simulation,":[49],"combined":[50],"with":[51,59,108,192,355],"prescriptions":[52],"formation":[55,185,217],"BH":[57,105],"along":[58],"both":[60],"Population":[61,66],"III":[62,260],"(Pop":[63,68],"III)":[64],"and":[65,83,141,282],"II":[67,215,241],"II)":[69],"stars.":[70],"calculate":[72],"spatially":[74,110,134],"varying":[75],"intensity":[76,118,253],"Lyman\u2013Werner":[78],"(LW)":[79],"radiation":[80,121,238],"from":[81,172,195,239],"stars":[82,242,261],"identify":[84],"which":[90],"it":[91],"high":[93],"enough":[94],"to":[95,103,123,130,203,245,254,263,276,332,363],"shut":[96],"down":[97],"molecular":[98,152],"hydrogen":[99],"cooling.":[100],"In":[101],"contrast":[102],"previous":[104,173],"seeding":[106],"models":[107],"constant":[111],"LW":[112,120,237,252,280],"background,":[113],"we":[114,178],"find":[115,179],"that":[116,310,324,352],"due":[122],"local":[124,248],"sources,":[125],"Jlocal,":[126],"can":[127,283],"be":[128,361],"up":[129],"\u223c106":[131],"times":[132],"averaged":[135],"background":[136],"simulated":[139],"volume":[140],"exceeds":[142],"critical":[144],"value,":[145],"Jcrit,":[146,257],"complete":[149],"suppression":[150],"cooling,":[153],"some":[155],"cases":[156],"by":[157,285],"four":[158],"orders":[159],"magnitude.":[161],"Even":[162],"after":[163,295],"accounting":[164,296],"possible":[166],"metal":[167],"pollution":[168],"halo":[171],"episodes":[174],"star":[176,216],"formation,":[177,231],"steady":[181],"rise":[182],"rate":[186],"BHs":[190],"(DCBHs)":[191],"decreasing":[193],"redshift":[194],"10\u22123":[196],"Mpc\u22123":[197,205],"z\u22121":[198,206],"=":[201,209,293],"12":[202],"10\u22122":[204],"The":[211,269],"onset":[212,225],"Pop":[214,240,259],"\u2248":[220],"16":[221],"simultaneously":[222],"marks":[223],"epoch":[228],"DCBH":[230],"as":[232],"increased":[234],"level":[235],"able":[244,362],"elevate":[246],"levels":[249],"Jlocal":[255],"while":[258],"fail":[262],"do":[264,311],"so":[265],"any":[267],"time.":[268],"number":[270,278],"density":[271],"DCBHs":[273,302,323,340],"sensitive":[275],"photons":[281],"vary":[284],"over":[286],"an":[287],"order":[288],"magnitude":[290],"7":[294],"reionization":[298],"feedback.":[299],"Haloes":[300],"hosting":[301],"are":[303,330,346],"more":[304,347],"clustered":[305,336],"than":[306],"similar":[307],"counterparts":[309],"not":[312],"host":[313],"DCBHs,":[314],"especially":[315],"redshifts":[317],"\u2273":[319],"10.":[320],"Also,":[321],"form":[325],"10":[329],"found":[331],"reside":[333],"highly":[335],"regions,":[337],"whereas":[338],"around":[342],"\u223c":[344],"6":[345],"common.":[348],"also":[350],"show":[351],"planned":[353],"surveys":[354],"James":[356],"Webb":[357],"Space":[358],"Telescope":[359],"should":[360],"detect":[364],"supermassive":[366],"stellar":[367],"precursors":[368],"DCBHs.":[370]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
