{"id":"https://openalex.org/W18597846","doi":null,"title":"Toxins and Toxicity from the Cosmopolitan, Bloom-Forming Dinoflagellate Karlodinium micrum","display_name":"Toxins and Toxicity from the Cosmopolitan, Bloom-Forming Dinoflagellate Karlodinium micrum","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W18597846","mag":"18597846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:drum.lib.umd.edu:1903/290","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/290","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/290","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401518","display_name":"University Libraries (University of Maryland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/290","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048177434","display_name":"Jonathan R. Deeds","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan R. Deeds","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048177434"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11985","display_name":"Marine Toxins and Detection Methods","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11985","display_name":"Marine Toxins and Detection Methods","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmful-algal-blooms","display_name":"harmful algal blooms","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ichthyotoxicity","display_name":"ichthyotoxicity","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-kills","display_name":"fish kills","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estuarine-aquaculture","display_name":"estuarine aquaculture","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemolytic-activity","display_name":"hemolytic activity","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity","display_name":"cytotoxicity","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-permeabilization","display_name":"membrane permeabilization","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxin-immunity","display_name":"toxin immunity","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chesapeake-bay","display_name":"Chesapeake Bay","score":0.8420000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780204098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120490","display_name":"Dinoflagellate","level":2,"score":0.9269216060638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155567681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2987425","display_name":"Bloom","level":2,"score":0.6345379948616028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120305227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326139","display_name":"Algal bloom","level":4,"score":0.5254939198493958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38534507155418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.27787503600120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.27176064252853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184755","display_name":"Phytoplankton","level":3,"score":0.11077070236206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:drum.lib.umd.edu:1903/290","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/290","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/290","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401518","display_name":"University Libraries (University of Maryland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:18597846","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/290/1/dissertation.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:drum.lib.umd.edu:1903/290","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/290","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/290","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401518","display_name":"University Libraries (University of Maryland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.5769000053405762,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6290236637","display_name":"Mixotrophy in Bloom-Forming Dinoflagellates: Interaction of C, N  and P","funder_award_id":"9819670","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307767","display_name":"Agilent Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/02tryst02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308183","display_name":"Maryland Industrial Partnerships","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W18597846.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W18597846.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988770789","https://openalex.org/W7220522943","https://openalex.org/W2011702233","https://openalex.org/W1985148010","https://openalex.org/W2181558247","https://openalex.org/W7220515427","https://openalex.org/W2511269569","https://openalex.org/W2021708856","https://openalex.org/W1979687138","https://openalex.org/W3213936527"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Karlodinium":[0],"micrum":[1,195,207,299],"(Leadbeater":[2],"and":[3,61,99,116,153,209,260,300,337,348],"Dodge)":[4],"Taylor":[5],"was":[6,138],"first":[7,51,280],"described":[8,44,202],"in":[9,46,112,118,156,170,205,233,241,250,307,334],"the":[10,17,33,50,65,109,132,171,190,279,287,293,311,321,328,338],"United":[11,288],"States":[12],"during":[13],"an":[14,24],"investigation":[15,42],"into":[16],"cause":[18],"of":[19,32,40,72,92,114,128,134,144,150,173,193,282,286,297,331,340],"repeated":[20],"fish":[21,81,301],"kills":[22,302],"at":[23],"estuarine":[25],"aquaculture":[26],"facility":[27],"located":[28],"on":[29,90,344],"a":[30,126,148,168,226,263,316],"tributary":[31],"Chesapeake":[34],"Bay,":[35],"MD,":[36],"USA.":[37],"As":[38],"part":[39],"that":[41,234,303],"we":[43],"toxins":[45,106],"this":[47,73,335,341],"species":[48,175,336],"for":[49,189,313,323],"time.":[52],"Named":[53],"karlotoxins":[54,204],"(KmTx),":[55],"these":[56,93],"compounds":[57],"possess":[58],"hemolytic,":[59],"cytotoxic,":[60],"anti-fungal":[62],"properties.":[63],"However,":[64],"primary":[66],"harmful":[67],"effect":[68],"associated":[69],"with":[70],"blooms":[71,296],"organism":[74],"is":[75],"ichthyotoxicity.":[76],"Karlotoxins":[77],"are":[78],"lethal":[79],"to":[80,84,123,140,147,166,176,186,219,231,326],"through":[82,159],"damage":[83],"gill":[85],"epithelia.":[86],"This":[87,181,290],"research":[88],"focused":[89],"two":[91,105],"toxins,":[94,111],"KmTx":[95,100,135,235,245,264],"1":[96,236],"(1338":[97],"Da.)":[98,103,268],"2":[101,136,246],"(1344":[102],"These":[104],"have":[107,201],"been":[108,239,248,270,305],"main":[110],"terms":[113],"amount":[115],"potency,":[117],"all":[119,251],"US":[120,213,222],"isolates":[121,208,243,253],"tested":[122,254],"date.":[124],"Using":[125],"range":[127,149],"mammalian":[129],"cell":[130,145,157],"types,":[131],"mode":[133],"cytotoxicity":[137],"shown":[139],"be":[141,187],"non-selective":[142],"permeabilization":[143],"membranes":[146],"small":[151],"ions":[152],"molecules":[154],"resulting":[155],"death":[158],"osmotic":[160],"lysis.":[161],"Membrane":[162],"sterol":[163,182],"composition":[164],"appears":[165,185,230],"play":[167],"role":[169],"sensitivity":[172],"different":[174],"KmTx's":[177],"membrane":[178],"disrupting":[179],"effects.":[180],"specificity":[183],"also":[184,319],"responsible":[188],"apparent":[191],"immunity":[192],"K.":[194,206,298,345],"from":[196,212,217,255,272,275],"its":[197],"own":[198],"toxins.":[199],"We":[200],"various":[203],"bloom":[210,273],"samples":[211,274],"east":[214,223],"coast":[215,224],"estuaries":[216,309],"Maryland":[218,242],"Florida.":[220,261],"Among":[221],"isolates,":[225],"geographic":[227],"strain":[228],"variation":[229],"exist":[232],"has":[237,247,269,304],"only":[238],"found":[240,249],"while":[244],"other":[252],"North":[256],"Carolina,":[257,259],"South":[258],"Recently,":[262],"2-like":[265],"compound":[266],"(1342":[267],"isolated":[271],"Western":[276],"Australia,":[277],"being":[278],"confirmation":[281],"karlotoxin":[283],"production":[284,333,342],"outside":[285],"States.":[289],"work":[291],"confirms":[292],"association":[294],"between":[295],"observed":[306],"temperate":[308],"around":[310],"world":[312],"over":[314],"half":[315],"century.":[317],"It":[318],"lays":[320],"foundation":[322],"future":[324],"studies":[325],"determine":[327],"ecological":[329],"function":[330],"toxin":[332],"consequences":[339],"both":[343],"micrum's":[346],"environment":[347],"ours.":[349]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
