{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1855700431","doi":null,"title":"Comparison of black-box, glass-box and open-box software for aiding conceptual understanding","display_name":"Comparison of black-box, glass-box and open-box software for aiding conceptual understanding","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1855700431","mag":"1855700431"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:oro.open.ac.uk:24542","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oro.open.ac.uk/24542/1/RR_Hosein.doc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401187","display_name":"Open Research Online (The Open University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","host_organization_name":"The Open University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031136645","display_name":"Anesa Hosein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7325-5640","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7325-5640"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anesa Hosein","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7325-5640","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056520576","display_name":"James C. Aczel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Aczel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023282329","display_name":"Doug Clow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-1177","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-1177"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doug Clow","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024427669","display_name":"John T. E. Richardson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-0603","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-0603"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John T. E. Richardson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-0603","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1675705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10130","display_name":"Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques","score":0.67330002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10130","display_name":"Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques","score":0.67330002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14079","display_name":"Mathematics Education and Programs","score":0.07769999653100967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12522","display_name":"Mathematics Education and Pedagogy","score":0.061000000685453415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-software","display_name":"mathematical software","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-understanding","display_name":"conceptual understanding","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procedural-tasks","display_name":"procedural tasks","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-assisted-instruction","display_name":"computer-assisted instruction","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-observation","display_name":"remote observing","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-exploration","display_name":"student exploration","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"mathematics education","score":0.5379999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.8943157196044922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180932941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997233","display_name":"White box","level":2,"score":0.7991527318954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.6307271122932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5224006175994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.25586608052253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23829564452171326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11874985694885254}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:oro.open.ac.uk:24542","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oro.open.ac.uk/24542/1/RR_Hosein.doc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401187","display_name":"Open Research Online (The Open University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","host_organization_name":"The Open University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epubs.surrey.ac.uk:800497","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/800497/7/RR_Hosein.pdf","pdf_url":"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/800497/7/RR_Hosein.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400680","display_name":"Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","host_organization_name":"University of Surrey","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"mag:1855700431","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oro.open.ac.uk/24542/2/4E449A31.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966702695","https://openalex.org/W1991702489","https://openalex.org/W2018415007","https://openalex.org/W2028219012","https://openalex.org/W2070885078","https://openalex.org/W2080548100","https://openalex.org/W2084895013","https://openalex.org/W2099607025","https://openalex.org/W2124868162","https://openalex.org/W2134787482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W80617291","https://openalex.org/W1564446618","https://openalex.org/W6907403769","https://openalex.org/W7097323698","https://openalex.org/W7096882256","https://openalex.org/W7100831605","https://openalex.org/W2145499315","https://openalex.org/W7099176511","https://openalex.org/W2763466385","https://openalex.org/W1969460991"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Three":[0],"mathematical":[1],"software":[2,36],"types:":[3],"black-box":[4,57],"(no":[5],"steps":[6],"shown),":[7],"glass-box":[8],"(steps":[9],"shown)":[10],"and":[11,23,69],"open-box":[12,70],"(interactive":[13],"steps)":[14],"were":[15],"used":[16],"by":[17],"32":[18],"students":[19,48,65],"to":[20,61],"solve":[21],"conceptual":[22,51],"procedural":[24],"tasks":[25],"on":[26],"the":[27,34,45,56,67],"computer":[28],"via":[29],"remote":[30],"observation.":[31],"Comparison":[32],"of":[33],"three":[35],"types":[37],"suggests":[38],"that":[39,47],"there":[40],"is":[41],"no":[42],"difference":[43],"in":[44],"scores":[46],"receive":[49],"for":[50],"understanding":[52],"tasks.":[53],"Students":[54],"using":[55,66],"are":[58],"more":[59],"likely":[60],"explore":[62],"answers":[63],"than":[64],"glass":[68],"software.":[71]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
