{"id":"https://openalex.org/W185097309","doi":null,"title":"Diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hepatic steatosis.","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hepatic steatosis.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W185097309","mag":"185097309","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11944630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:11944630","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11944630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seminars in gastrointestinal disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113531598","display_name":"Wael I. Youssef","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wael Youssef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067188477","display_name":"Arthur J. McCullough","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4906-0034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4906-0034"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157264","display_name":"MetroHealth Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05j4p5w63","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299218025","https://openalex.org/I4210157264"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arthur J McCullough","raw_affiliation_strings":["MetroHealth Medical Center Cleveland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MetroHealth Medical Center Cleveland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157264"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9233,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":126,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9694135,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"17","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11834","display_name":"Liver Diseases and Immunity","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11207","display_name":"Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis","display_name":"nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease","display_name":"non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatic-steatosis","display_name":"hepatic steatosis","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-peroxidation","display_name":"lipid peroxidation","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-fibrosis","display_name":"liver fibrosis","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-cirrhosis","display_name":"liver cirrhosis","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-biopsy","display_name":"liver biopsy","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-e","display_name":"vitamin E","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/betaine","display_name":"betaine","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ursodeoxycholic-acid","display_name":"ursodeoxycholic acid","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metformin","display_name":"metformin","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pro-inflammatory-cytokines","display_name":"inflammatory cytokines","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperlipidemia","display_name":"hyperlipidemia","score":0.9190000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8143628239631653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776954865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1546498","display_name":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","level":4,"score":0.7067548632621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.6472851634025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365091","display_name":"Steatosis","level":2,"score":0.6417690515518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777214474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778","display_name":"Cirrhosis","level":2,"score":0.6086074709892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19484","display_name":"Metformin","level":3,"score":0.6031650900840759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5891892313957214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.580185055732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778772119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058862","display_name":"Fatty liver","level":3,"score":0.545539915561676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360841","display_name":"Liver biopsy","level":3,"score":0.5171434283256531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2335423","display_name":"Steatohepatitis","level":4,"score":0.4706164002418518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.43510907888412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780559512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605709","display_name":"Fibrosis","level":2,"score":0.4215034544467926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.41426882147789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.37513625621795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.24397721886634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775934546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179991","display_name":"Biopsy","level":2,"score":0.15259429812431335}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005234","descriptor_name":"Fatty Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005234","descriptor_name":"Fatty Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005234","descriptor_name":"Fatty Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005234","descriptor_name":"Fatty Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D048909","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Complications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:11944630","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11944630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seminars in gastrointestinal disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:185097309","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11944630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982231111","https://openalex.org/W1552988097","https://openalex.org/W2160962413","https://openalex.org/W2416095625","https://openalex.org/W2074332097","https://openalex.org/W2147307718","https://openalex.org/W2098223416","https://openalex.org/W2901944682","https://openalex.org/W1977495780","https://openalex.org/W1842752430"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nonalcoholic":[0],"fatty":[1,20,25],"liver":[2,10,21,26],"disease":[3,11,22],"is":[4,46,111,119,194],"emerging":[5],"as":[6,173],"the":[7,32,49,65,72,151,195],"most":[8,33,78],"common":[9],"in":[12,57,80,92,131],"North":[13],"America.":[14],"The":[15,104,109,117],"histological":[16],"spectrum":[17],"of":[18,41,51,60,74,149,164,197],"nonalcoholic":[19],"ranges":[23],"from":[24,145],"alone":[27],"to":[28,31,67],"steatohepatitis":[29,36],"and":[30,54,94,101,126,138,155,176,184],"serious":[34],"form--nonalcoholic":[35],"(NASH).":[37],"An":[38],"increasing":[39],"body":[40],"evidence":[42],"suggests":[43],"that":[44,161],"NASH":[45,88,140],"associated":[47],"with":[48,85,98,181,188],"development":[50],"progressive":[52],"fibrosis":[53],"eventually":[55],"cirrhosis":[56],"approximately":[58],"20%":[59],"cases.":[61],"These":[62,169],"data":[63],"emphasize":[64],"need":[66],"develop":[68],"effective":[69],"therapy":[70,180],"for":[71],"treatment":[73],"NASH.":[75,132],"Cases":[76],"occur":[77,91],"commonly":[79],"obese":[81],"middle":[82],"age":[83],"women":[84],"diabetes.":[86],"However,":[87],"may":[89,143,166],"also":[90],"children":[93],"normal":[95,99],"weight":[96],"men":[97],"glucose":[100],"lipid":[102,124],"metabolism.":[103],"pathophysiology":[105],"involves":[106],"2":[107],"steps.":[108],"first":[110],"insulin":[112,186],"resistance,":[113],"which":[114,122],"causes":[115],"steatosis.":[116],"second":[118],"oxidative":[120],"stress,":[121],"produces":[123],"peroxidation":[125],"activates":[127],"inflammatory":[128,198],"cytokines":[129],"resulting":[130],"Liver":[133],"biopsy":[134],"provides":[135],"prognostic":[136],"information":[137],"identifies":[139],"patients":[141],"who":[142],"benefit":[144],"therapy.":[146],"Treatment":[147],"consists":[148],"managing":[150],"comorbidities:":[152],"obesity,":[153],"diabetes,":[154],"hyperlipidemia.":[156],"Nascent":[157],"clinical":[158],"trials":[159],"suggest":[160],"a":[162],"number":[163],"therapies":[165],"be":[167],"beneficial.":[168],"include":[170],"anti-oxidants":[171],"such":[172],"vitamin":[174],"E":[175],"betaine,":[177],"bile":[178],"acid":[179],"ursodeoxycholic":[182],"acid,":[183],"improved":[185],"sensitivity":[187],"metformin.":[189],"Another":[190],"potential":[191],"therapeutic":[192],"strategy":[193],"reduction":[196],"cytokines.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
