{"id":"https://openalex.org/W185017247","doi":null,"title":"[Laughter and smiling. The gesture between social philosophy and psychobiology].","display_name":"[Laughter and smiling. The gesture between social philosophy and psychobiology].","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W185017247","mag":"185017247","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2186253"},"language":"it","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2186253","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2186253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minerva psichiatrica","raw_type":"English Abstract"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048378590","display_name":"Riccardo Torta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7836-4451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7836-4451"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Torta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Clin\u00ecca Psichiatrica, Universit\u00e0 di Torino"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Clin\u00ecca Psichiatrica, Universit\u00e0 di Torino","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071321131","display_name":"Antonella Varetto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3002-8533","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3002-8533"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Varetto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064610543","display_name":"L Ravizza","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Ravizza","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03832168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"21","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11795","display_name":"Humor Studies and Applications","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11795","display_name":"Humor Studies and Applications","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10699","display_name":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laughter","display_name":"laughter","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smile","display_name":"smiling","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestural-communication","display_name":"gestural communication","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-interaction","display_name":"social interaction","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-expression","display_name":"emotional expression","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crying","display_name":"crying","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limbic-system","display_name":"limbic system","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontal-cortex","display_name":"frontal cortex","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomic-nervous-system","display_name":"autonomic nervous system","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychomotor-epilepsy","display_name":"psychomotor epilepsy","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endorphins","display_name":"endorphins","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromodulators","display_name":"neuromodulators","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parasympathetic-activity","display_name":"parasympathetic activity","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sympathetic-tone","display_name":"sympathetic tone","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humor-therapy","display_name":"laughter therapy","score":0.4830000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170579","display_name":"Laughter","level":2,"score":0.8735966682434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7449092268943787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.6576969027519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778013503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152247","display_name":"Crying","level":2,"score":0.5779557824134827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5066131353378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5058441162109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138917182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846566","display_name":"Behavioral neuroscience","level":2,"score":0.4518824815750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.43201470375061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.42311254143714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136617856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309082","display_name":"Mirror neuron","level":2,"score":0.4169420003890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1866205334663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003448","descriptor_name":"Crying","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007845","descriptor_name":"Laughter","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007845","descriptor_name":"Laughter","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009424","descriptor_name":"Nervous System Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012904","descriptor_name":"Smiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012904","descriptor_name":"Smiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012961","descriptor_name":"Sociology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2186253","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2186253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minerva psichiatrica","raw_type":"English Abstract"},{"id":"mag:185017247","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2186253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W895536874","https://openalex.org/W2567035948","https://openalex.org/W1010578162","https://openalex.org/W2321243994","https://openalex.org/W2042530206","https://openalex.org/W2192320072","https://openalex.org/W2092313378","https://openalex.org/W2028782606","https://openalex.org/W4242405093","https://openalex.org/W7165684915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,31,104,153],"human":[1],"individual":[2],"experiences":[3],"his":[4,13],"gestuality":[5],"unaware,":[6],"making":[7],"it":[8,66],"even":[9],"more":[10],"revelatory":[11],"of":[12,16,37,40,51,73,79,124,136,140,165,171,223,245,256],"current":[14],"state":[15],"mind.":[17],"Certain":[18],"actions":[19,32],"represent":[20],"innate":[21],"behaviour,":[22],"while":[23],"others":[24],"are":[25,97,150,160,195,220],"discovered":[26],"or":[27],"assimilated":[28],"during":[29],"learning.":[30],"that":[33,69,120],"signify":[34],"the":[35,71,80,90,108,122,137,141,147,163,169,177,186,192,199,204,221,232,243,246,254,257],"sending":[36],"any":[38],"kind":[39],"message":[41],"to":[42,146,212,261],"another":[43],"person,":[44],"become":[45],"\"gestures\".":[46],"Laughter":[47],"is":[48,242],"an":[49,58,134,264],"example":[50],"expressive":[52],"behaviour":[53],"and,":[54],"as":[55,65,101,214],"such,":[56],"plays":[57],"important":[59],"part":[60],"in":[61,86,158,168,225,231,266,271],"social":[62],"interaction,":[63],"insofar":[64],"supplies":[67],"signals":[68],"influence":[70],"response":[72,132,139,259],"other":[74],"individuals.":[75],"After":[76],"a":[77,116,129,215],"review":[78],"philosophical":[81],"and":[82,88,95,111,126,133,182,227,235,269],"sociological":[83],"interpretations":[84],"inherent":[85],"laughing":[87,96,112,193,236],"smiling,":[89],"correlations":[91],"between":[92],"weeping,":[93],"smiling":[94,110,234],"examined":[98],"specifically":[99],"from":[100],"ethological":[102],"standpoint.":[103],"neurophysiological":[105,233],"aspects":[106],"whereby":[107],"crying,":[109],"mechanisms":[113],"depend":[114],"on":[115],"multifactorial":[117],"control":[118],"system,":[119,144],"implies":[121],"activation":[123,135],"limbic":[125],"frontal":[127],"circuits,":[128],"motor":[130],"cortex":[131],"autonomic":[138],"vegetative":[142],"nervous":[143],"correlated":[145,190,252],"cortico-hypothalamic":[148],"ways,":[149],"then":[151],"examined.":[152],"pathological":[154],"observations":[155],"carried":[156],"out":[157],"Man":[159],"identified":[161],"with":[162,180,191,203,208,253,263],"study":[164],"psychomotor":[166],"epilepsy":[167],"context":[170],"\"gelastic":[172],"crises\",":[173],"cataleptic-gelolegic":[174],"crises":[175],"\"and":[176],"pseudo-bulbar":[178],"syndrome\"":[179],"crying":[181],"spastic":[183],"laughing.":[184],"Finally,":[185],"possible":[187],"therapeutic":[188],"implications":[189],"mechanism":[194],"discussed.":[196],"In":[197],"fact,":[198],"facial":[200],"contractions,":[201],"associated":[202],"emotional":[205],"experience":[206],"connected":[207],"them,":[209],"would":[210],"appear":[211],"function":[213],"standard":[216],"brain":[217],"signal.":[218],"Interesting":[219],"findings":[222],"changes":[224],"neuromediator":[226],"endorphin":[228],"modifications":[229],"implied":[230],"mechanism.":[237],"A":[238],"further":[239],"basic":[240],"element":[241],"involvement":[244],"autonomous":[247],"system":[248],"which":[249],"can":[250],"be":[251],"concept":[255],"trophotropic":[258],"according":[260],"Hesse,":[262],"increase":[265],"parasympathetic":[267],"tone":[268],"reduction":[270],"sympathetic":[272],"tone.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
