{"id":"https://openalex.org/W184764288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/82.1.57","title":"Standardization of the Immunofluorescence Test for Autoantibody to Nuclear Antigens (ANA): Use of Reference Sera of Defined Antibody Specificity","display_name":"Standardization of the Immunofluorescence Test for Autoantibody to Nuclear Antigens (ANA): Use of Reference Sera of Defined Antibody Specificity","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W184764288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/82.1.57","mag":"184764288","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6377871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ajcp/82.1.57","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/82.1.57","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/82.1.57","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15871148","display_name":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology","issn_l":"0002-9173","issn":["0002-9173","1943-7722"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007021343","display_name":"Daniel P. Molden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146328","display_name":"Scripps Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/05kwjwj05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311914864","https://openalex.org/I4210146328"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel P. Molden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Pathology, and Basic and Clinical Immunology, and Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Pathology, and Basic and Clinical Immunology, and Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112140817","display_name":"Robert M. Nakamura","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146328","display_name":"Scripps Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/05kwjwj05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311914864","https://openalex.org/I4210146328"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert M. Nakamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Pathology, and Basic and Clinical Immunology, and Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Pathology, and Basic and Clinical Immunology, and Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146328"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065446697","display_name":"Eng M. Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8711-3248","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8711-3248"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146328","display_name":"Scripps Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/05kwjwj05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311914864","https://openalex.org/I4210146328"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eng M. Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Pathology, and Basic and Clinical Immunology, and Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Pathology, and Basic and Clinical Immunology, and Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146328"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146328"],"apc_list":{"value":4660,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4660},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4009,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93740545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"82","issue":"1","first_page":"57","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11330","display_name":"Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10697","display_name":"Vasculitis and related conditions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antinuclear-antibodies","display_name":"antinuclear antibodies","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indirect-immunofluorescence","display_name":"indirect immunofluorescence","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-standardization","display_name":"test standardization","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-sera","display_name":"reference sera","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hep-2-cells","display_name":"HEp-2 cells","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kb-cells","display_name":"KB cells","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scl-70","display_name":"Scl-70","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticentromere-antibodies","display_name":"anti-centromere antibodies","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smooth-muscle-antibodies","display_name":"smooth muscle antibodies","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrosomal-antibodies","display_name":"antimicrosomal antibodies","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckled-pattern","display_name":"speckled pattern","score":0.5860000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149443304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185390","display_name":"Anti-nuclear antibody","level":4,"score":0.8610292673110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778236600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592324","display_name":"Immunofluorescence","level":3,"score":0.7576624155044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.7109243273735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.6324102878570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163764329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785022","display_name":"Autoantibody","level":3,"score":0.5062834024429321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.4979121685028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.49525609612464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21269302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243098","display_name":"Primary and secondary antibodies","level":3,"score":0.4433853030204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183873130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30869","display_name":"Nucleolus","level":3,"score":0.4345470666885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.42567774653434753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.39069491624832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.25843948125839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25038671493530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.10192903876304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190062978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79899","display_name":"Cytoplasm","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000097585","descriptor_name":"SS-B Antigen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000099207","descriptor_name":"SS-A Antigen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000918","descriptor_name":"Antibody Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000941","descriptor_name":"Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000974","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Antinuclear","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001324","descriptor_name":"Autoantigens","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002503","descriptor_name":"Centromere","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003593","descriptor_name":"Cytoplasm","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005455","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012015","descriptor_name":"Reference Standards","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012261","descriptor_name":"Ribonucleoproteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017411","descriptor_name":"Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020733","descriptor_name":"RNA, Small Cytoplasmic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055517","descriptor_name":"snRNP Core Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/ajcp/82.1.57","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/82.1.57","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/82.1.57","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15871148","display_name":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology","issn_l":"0002-9173","issn":["0002-9173","1943-7722"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:6377871","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6377871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of clinical pathology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.46810001134872437}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2424915262","https://openalex.org/W2118081449","https://openalex.org/W2904662906","https://openalex.org/W2042404332","https://openalex.org/W2078207386","https://openalex.org/W2084635564","https://openalex.org/W2071345047","https://openalex.org/W4312200830","https://openalex.org/W2070488169","https://openalex.org/W2987360184"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Standardization":[0],"of":[1,18,27,90,144,181,196,201,208,227,239],"the":[2,36,77,119,142,199,228,234],"indirect":[3],"immunofluorescence":[4],"antinuclear":[5,150,187],"antibody":[6,41],"(IF-ANA)":[7],"test":[8],"can":[9],"be":[10,109,173],"improved":[11],"for":[12,43,118,122,135,179,194,198,206,249],"a":[13],"given":[14],"substrate":[15,146],"with":[16,39,54,76,87,219,222],"use":[17],"reference":[19,33,124,240],"ANA":[20,202,230],"sera,":[21],"uniform":[22],"assay":[23,70],"conditions,":[24],"and":[25,49,63,69,105,139,159,167,185,211,225],"standardization":[26,246],"optical":[28,245],"systems.":[29],"To":[30],"accomplish":[31],"this,":[32],"sera":[34,125,131,197,241],"from":[35],"Arthritis":[37],"Foundation":[38],"defined":[40,130],"specificities":[42],"nDNA,":[44],"SS-B,":[45],"RNP,":[46],"Sm,":[47],"nucleoli,":[48],"\"speckled":[50],"pattern\"":[51],"were":[52,73,170,192,217],"reacted":[53],"commonly":[55],"used":[56,72,94,232],"IF-ANA":[57,82,250],"substrates,":[58],"mouse":[59,176],"kidney":[60,177,190],"sections,":[61],"KB":[62,168],"HEp-2":[64,165],"tissue":[65],"culture":[66],"cells.":[67],"Reagents":[68],"conditions":[71],"those":[74],"provided":[75],"substrates":[78,224],"in":[79,115,233],"commercially":[80],"available":[81,134],"kits.":[83],"A":[84],"microscope":[85,97],"slide":[86],"graded":[88],"intensities":[89],"fluorescent":[91],"beads":[92],"was":[93,163],"to":[95,112,147,172,175],"standardize":[96],"fluorescence":[98,103],"intensity":[99,106],"readings.":[100],"The":[101],"authors'":[102],"pattern":[104],"results":[107,113],"should":[108],"directly":[110],"comparable":[111],"obtained":[114],"other":[116],"laboratories":[117],"six":[120],"antibodies":[121,151,161,216],"which":[123],"are":[126,132],"available.":[127],"Although":[128],"no":[129],"widely":[133],"SS-A,":[136,182],"Scl-70,":[137,183],"PM-1,":[138],"centromere":[140,186],"antibodies,":[141],"ability":[143],"each":[145,226],"detect":[148],"these":[149],"as":[152,154,203,205,242,244],"well":[153,204,243],"mitochondrial,":[155],"smooth":[156,209],"muscle,":[157],"ribosomal":[158],"microsomal":[160,213],"also":[162],"tested.":[164],"cells":[166,169],"found":[171],"superior":[174,193],"sections":[178,191],"detection":[180,207],"PM-1":[184],"antibodies.":[188,214],"Mouse":[189],"screening":[195],"absence":[200],"muscle":[210],"liver-kidney":[212],"Other":[215],"detected":[218],"equal":[220],"sensitivity":[221],"all":[223],"three":[229],"kits":[231],"study":[235],"performed":[236],"satisfactorily.":[237],"Use":[238],"is":[247],"recommended":[248],"testing.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}