{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1845112790","doi":null,"title":"Two shell middens as indicators of shellfish exploitation patterns during the first millennium AD on the Natal north coast","display_name":"Two shell middens as indicators of shellfish exploitation patterns during the first millennium AD on the Natal north coast","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1845112790","mag":"1845112790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1845112790","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.sahumanities.org/index.php/sah/article/view/300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86708968","display_name":"Southern African humanities","issn_l":"1681-5564","issn":["1681-5564"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315355","host_organization_name":"KwaZulu-Natal Museum","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315355"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["KwaZulu-Natal Museum"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Southern African humanities","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016777417","display_name":"Liora Kolska Horwitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8776-8658","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8776-8658"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256663","display_name":"KwaZulu-Natal Museum","ror":"https://ror.org/04dmevr13","country_code":"ZA","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256663"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liora Kolska Horwitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natal Museum"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8776-8658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natal Museum","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256663"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048043985","display_name":"Tim Maggs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256663","display_name":"KwaZulu-Natal Museum","ror":"https://ror.org/04dmevr13","country_code":"ZA","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256663"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Maggs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natal Museum"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natal Museum","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256663"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021375760","display_name":"V. Ward","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4936-3932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4936-3932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256663","display_name":"KwaZulu-Natal Museum","ror":"https://ror.org/04dmevr13","country_code":"ZA","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256663"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Ward","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natal Museum"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4936-3932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natal Museum","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256663"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256663"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.7248,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98506407,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"10","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12624","display_name":"Maritime and Coastal Archaeology","score":0.6509000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12624","display_name":"Maritime and Coastal Archaeology","score":0.6509000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10087","display_name":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","score":0.2896000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13256","display_name":"Archaeology and Rock Art Studies","score":0.019700000062584877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shell-middens","display_name":"shell middens","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shellfish-exploitation","display_name":"shellfish exploitation","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perna-perna","display_name":"Perna perna","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-millennium-ad","display_name":"first millennium AD","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coastal-archaeology","display_name":"coastal archaeology","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faunal-remains","display_name":"faunal remains","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overharvesting","display_name":"overharvesting","score":0.6380000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152199","display_name":"Midden","level":2,"score":0.9146138429641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781028344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501235","display_name":"Shellfish","level":4,"score":0.6471266746520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776644168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271979","display_name":"Perna viridis","level":3,"score":0.6198412179946899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5832394957542419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.5372519493103027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5372066497802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779987062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13042834","display_name":"Mussel","level":2,"score":0.516671895980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781028384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3017896","display_name":"Perna perna","level":4,"score":0.5055413246154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.4767897129058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4656444787979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.390055775642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779586492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25368","display_name":"Bivalvia","level":3,"score":0.23757681250572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776249982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25326","display_name":"Mollusca","level":2,"score":0.23341834545135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.17739632725715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.17297041416168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158278297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756633","display_name":"Aquatic animal","level":3,"score":0.1352231502532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.07611128687858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1845112790","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.sahumanities.org/index.php/sah/article/view/300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86708968","display_name":"Southern African humanities","issn_l":"1681-5564","issn":["1681-5564"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315355","host_organization_name":"KwaZulu-Natal Museum","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315355"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["KwaZulu-Natal Museum"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Southern African humanities","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W345937901","https://openalex.org/W1499530516","https://openalex.org/W1783971866","https://openalex.org/W1819819585","https://openalex.org/W1877126200","https://openalex.org/W1990490642","https://openalex.org/W2011242936","https://openalex.org/W2035852915","https://openalex.org/W2039959641","https://openalex.org/W2063136207","https://openalex.org/W2092713296","https://openalex.org/W2126312799","https://openalex.org/W2285646471","https://openalex.org/W2316853443","https://openalex.org/W2325772995","https://openalex.org/W2796514602","https://openalex.org/W2798069186"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100819591","https://openalex.org/W2621839070","https://openalex.org/W2015325533","https://openalex.org/W1592221986","https://openalex.org/W2099455280","https://openalex.org/W1994428086","https://openalex.org/W2001394897","https://openalex.org/W2565270994","https://openalex.org/W2325500087","https://openalex.org/W2477777906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0,125],"large":[1],"coastal":[2],"middens":[3,51,96,127],"dating":[4],"mainly":[5],"to":[6,56],"the":[7,39,50,62,67,77,95,105,135,140],"first":[8,136],"millennium":[9,137],"AD,":[10],"with":[11],"some":[12],"later":[13],"material,":[14],"are":[15],"described.":[16],"They":[17],"contain":[18],"complete":[19],"sequences":[20],"of":[21,33,49,76,86,107,130,147],"Early":[22],"Iron":[23],"Age":[24],"ceramics":[25],"but":[26],"otherwise":[27],"only":[28],"a":[29],"very":[30],"restricted":[31],"range":[32],"faunal":[34],"remains":[35],"heavily":[36],"dominated":[37],"by":[38],"brown":[40],"mussel":[41],"(":[42],"Perna":[43],"perna":[44],").":[45],"The":[46,80,92],"changing":[47],"function":[48],"is":[52,104],"discussed":[53],"in":[54],"relation":[55],"shellfish":[57,64,131],"exploitation,":[58],"its":[59],"impact":[60],"on":[61,139],"local":[63],"population":[65],"and":[66,72],"possible":[68],"relationship":[69],"between":[70],"midden":[71],"inland":[73,103],"village":[74],"sites":[75],"same":[78],"period.":[79],"evidence":[81],"indicates":[82],"that":[83,94],"excessive":[84],"levels":[85],"harvesting":[87],"did":[88],"not":[89],"take":[90],"place.":[91],"possibility":[93],"served":[97],"villages":[98],"more":[99],"than":[100],"20":[101],"km":[102],"subject":[106],"further":[108],"research.":[109],"To":[112],"cite":[113],"this":[114],"article:":[115],"Horwitz,":[117],"L.,":[118],"Maggs,":[119],"T.":[120],"&":[121],"Ward,":[122],"V.":[123],"1991.":[124],"shell":[126],"as":[128],"indicators":[129],"exploitation":[132],"patterns":[133],"during":[134],"AD":[138],"Natal":[141,144],"north":[142],"coast.\u00a0":[143],"Museum":[145],"Journal":[146],"Humanities":[148],"3":[151],":":[152],"1-28.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T17:25:34.749102","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
