{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1844950269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12413","title":"Deep trade agreements and vertical FDI: The devil is in the details","display_name":"Deep trade agreements and vertical FDI: The devil is in the details","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1844950269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12413","mag":"1844950269"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/caje.12413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76440981","display_name":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d \u00e9conomique","issn_l":"0008-4085","issn":["0008-4085","1540-5982"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'\u00e9conomique","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023212550","display_name":"Alberto Osnago","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285402005","display_name":"World Trade Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/03cqs4n40","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285402005"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Osnago","raw_affiliation_strings":["WTO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WTO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285402005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054782029","display_name":"Nadia Rocha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5188-9773","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5188-9773"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nadia Rocha","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Bank"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Bank","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054884314","display_name":"Mich\u00e8le Ruta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1070-2279","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1070-2279"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Ruta","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Bank"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Bank","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054782029"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.9877,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98071613,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"4","first_page":"1558","last_page":"1599"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.060100000351667404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11552","display_name":"Global trade, sustainability, and social impact","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-trade-agreements","display_name":"deep trade agreements","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preferential-trade-agreements","display_name":"preferential trade agreements","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contractibility","display_name":"contractibility","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"intellectual property","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-protection","display_name":"investment protection","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"outsourcing","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tariff-liberalization","display_name":"tariff liberalization","score":0.5929999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.8596580028533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158016649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161726","display_name":"Multinational corporation","level":2,"score":0.6776186227798462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97509610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141064","display_name":"Internationalization","level":2,"score":0.6333673000335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.5890737771987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5871730446815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.5814251899719238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.5726872682571411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.5629838109016418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.4772738814353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4709421396255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35532855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200435","display_name":"Free trade","level":2,"score":0.4453170597553253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58823610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418","display_name":"Liberalization","level":2,"score":0.4102349579334259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.33054065704345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.16765019297599792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.07659447193145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.05603209137916565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/caje.12413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76440981","display_name":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d \u00e9conomique","issn_l":"0008-4085","issn":["0008-4085","1540-5982"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'\u00e9conomique","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W223983133","https://openalex.org/W1490226430","https://openalex.org/W1569115163","https://openalex.org/W1586724634","https://openalex.org/W1598839108","https://openalex.org/W1834884560","https://openalex.org/W1869666379","https://openalex.org/W1930962388","https://openalex.org/W1983796880","https://openalex.org/W2009659525","https://openalex.org/W2049120239","https://openalex.org/W2052371473","https://openalex.org/W2053763767","https://openalex.org/W2067793852","https://openalex.org/W2069330226","https://openalex.org/W2076737894","https://openalex.org/W2093853845","https://openalex.org/W2099184394","https://openalex.org/W2100130392","https://openalex.org/W2106882559","https://openalex.org/W2116138866","https://openalex.org/W2117455041","https://openalex.org/W2126218934","https://openalex.org/W2134499434","https://openalex.org/W2142242390","https://openalex.org/W2149889890","https://openalex.org/W2154921830","https://openalex.org/W2155603241","https://openalex.org/W2156203513","https://openalex.org/W2157563942","https://openalex.org/W2194853366","https://openalex.org/W2605708953","https://openalex.org/W2889584003","https://openalex.org/W2890678347","https://openalex.org/W3022668701","https://openalex.org/W3121319080","https://openalex.org/W3121330846","https://openalex.org/W3121464236","https://openalex.org/W3121686067","https://openalex.org/W3122010294","https://openalex.org/W3122996967","https://openalex.org/W3123060811","https://openalex.org/W3123258999","https://openalex.org/W3123272796","https://openalex.org/W3123884897","https://openalex.org/W3124170156","https://openalex.org/W3124385122","https://openalex.org/W3125380295","https://openalex.org/W3125382708","https://openalex.org/W3125786087","https://openalex.org/W3126095053","https://openalex.org/W4234143043","https://openalex.org/W4236180653","https://openalex.org/W4238709896","https://openalex.org/W4247508718"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255579750","https://openalex.org/W3210726473","https://openalex.org/W4392154754","https://openalex.org/W3046474085","https://openalex.org/W2894881718","https://openalex.org/W2979450977","https://openalex.org/W3037891595","https://openalex.org/W4404672246","https://openalex.org/W4212848751","https://openalex.org/W3123053123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Although":[1],"pre\u20101990s":[2],"preferential":[3,71],"trade":[4,54,72,88],"agreements":[5,12,55,73,89],"focused":[6],"mostly":[7],"on":[8],"tariff":[9],"liberalization,":[10],"recent":[11],"increasingly":[13],"contain":[14],"deep":[15,53],"provisions":[16,104,118],"in":[17,38],"diverse":[18],"areas,":[19],"such":[20,114,126],"as":[21,115,127],"intellectual":[22,128],"property":[23,129],"rights,":[24],"investment":[25,46,132],"and":[26,47,68,74,131],"standards.":[27],"At":[28],"the":[29,39,57,66,80,85,103,107,121,146,152,159,165],"same":[30],"time,":[31],"there":[32],"has":[33],"been":[34],"a":[35],"remarkable":[36],"increase":[37,120],"internationalization":[40],"of":[41,60,65,70,75,87,109,123,151,161,167],"production":[42],"through":[43,170],"foreign":[44,77,94,139],"direct":[45,78,95],"outsourcing.":[48],"This":[49,141],"paper":[50],"studies":[51],"how":[52],"affect":[56],"international":[58],"organization":[59],"production.":[61],"Using":[62],"new":[63],"measures":[64],"depth":[67,86],"content":[69],"vertical":[76,93],"investment,":[79],"analysis":[81],"finds":[82],"evidence":[83],"that":[84,105,119],"is":[90,100,143],"correlated":[91,137],"with":[92,138,145],"investment.":[96,140],"Furthermore,":[97],"this":[98],"relationship":[99],"driven":[101],"by":[102,112],"improve":[106],"contractibility":[108,122,160],"inputs":[110],"provided":[111],"suppliers,":[113],"standards,":[116],"while":[117],"headquarter":[124],"services,":[125],"rights":[130],"protection,":[133],"are":[134],"generally":[135],"negatively":[136],"finding":[142],"consistent":[144],"so\u2010called":[147],"\u201cproperty":[148],"rights\u201d":[149],"theory":[150],"multinational":[153],"firm":[154],"according":[155],"to":[156],"which":[157],"improving":[158],"an":[162],"input":[163],"reduces":[164],"importance":[166],"giving":[168],"incentives":[169],"ownership.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}