{"id":"https://openalex.org/W184013030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/jaahv90n1-2p128","title":"Discourses of Difference and the Overrepresentation of Black Students in Special Education","display_name":"Discourses of Difference and the Overrepresentation of Black Students in Special Education","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W184013030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/jaahv90n1-2p128","mag":"184013030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/jaahv90n1-2p128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/jaahv90n1-2p128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/jaahv90n1-2p128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37675699","display_name":"The Journal of African American History","issn_l":"1548-1867","issn":["1548-1867","2153-5086"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of African American History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010291695","display_name":"Kathy-Anne Jordan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kathy-Anne Jordan","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010291695"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.789,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94331019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"90","issue":"1-2","first_page":"128","last_page":"149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12474","display_name":"Education Discipline and Inequality","score":0.6699000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12474","display_name":"Education Discipline and Inequality","score":0.6699000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11384","display_name":"Critical Race Theory in Education","score":0.323199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14017","display_name":"Legal Issues in Education","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-students","display_name":"Black students","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-education","display_name":"special education","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overrepresentation","display_name":"overrepresentation","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability","display_name":"disability","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-education","display_name":"African American education","score":0.621999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987028688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49085","display_name":"African american","level":2,"score":0.5112409591674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780154274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126717","display_name":"Download","level":2,"score":0.5004551410675049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102836","display_name":"Spring (device)","level":2,"score":0.48629555106163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.423284113407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.41507482528686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4027549624443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.4000929296016693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.38846805691719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.3612804710865021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.3507542610168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.18287202715873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/jaahv90n1-2p128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/jaahv90n1-2p128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/jaahv90n1-2p128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37675699","display_name":"The Journal of African American History","issn_l":"1548-1867","issn":["1548-1867","2153-5086"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of African American History","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44056119","https://openalex.org/W250372555","https://openalex.org/W319540168","https://openalex.org/W363363179","https://openalex.org/W567154122","https://openalex.org/W608698362","https://openalex.org/W1502450579","https://openalex.org/W1511267805","https://openalex.org/W1559889648","https://openalex.org/W1969863252","https://openalex.org/W1974178257","https://openalex.org/W1976074869","https://openalex.org/W1985879024","https://openalex.org/W1989596354","https://openalex.org/W2007161913","https://openalex.org/W2007791624","https://openalex.org/W2015094182","https://openalex.org/W2035799525","https://openalex.org/W2037948299","https://openalex.org/W2045168900","https://openalex.org/W2069982301","https://openalex.org/W2072181020","https://openalex.org/W2076363222","https://openalex.org/W2079096484","https://openalex.org/W2086994915","https://openalex.org/W2091258830","https://openalex.org/W2098567532","https://openalex.org/W2103679606","https://openalex.org/W2138905639","https://openalex.org/W2149895387","https://openalex.org/W2150079570","https://openalex.org/W2156856240","https://openalex.org/W2164363613","https://openalex.org/W2169072762","https://openalex.org/W2207789896","https://openalex.org/W2302659223","https://openalex.org/W2329379303","https://openalex.org/W2338221054","https://openalex.org/W2498395061","https://openalex.org/W4242015362"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2954343490","https://openalex.org/W1428619923","https://openalex.org/W95443319","https://openalex.org/W2006144056","https://openalex.org/W125417422","https://openalex.org/W2337160589","https://openalex.org/W4214684779","https://openalex.org/W4361990255","https://openalex.org/W2493276364","https://openalex.org/W2727294277"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}