{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1836699375","doi":null,"title":"A Gravity approach to evaluate the significance of trade liberalization in vertically-related goods in the presence of non-tariff barriers","display_name":"A Gravity approach to evaluate the significance of trade liberalization in vertically-related goods in the presence of non-tariff barriers","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1836699375","mag":"1836699375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai::2744","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2744/1/MPRA_paper_2744.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2744/1/MPRA_paper_2744.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"MPRA Paper"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2744/1/MPRA_paper_2744.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046274720","display_name":"Pascal L. Ghazalian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6230-6879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6230-6879"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascal L. Ghazalian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6230-6879","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015480694","display_name":"Lota Dabio Tamini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-3155","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-3155"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lota D. Tamini","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-3155","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053815813","display_name":"Bruno Larue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-3325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-3325"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Larue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-3325","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053983765","display_name":"Jean\u2010Philippe Gervais","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean\u2010Philippe Gervais","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11898","display_name":"Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-liberalization","display_name":"trade liberalization","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-tariff-barriers","display_name":"non-tariff barriers","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agri-food-trade","display_name":"agri-food trade","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tariffs","display_name":"tariffs","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/export-subsidies","display_name":"export subsidies","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/import-subsidies","display_name":"import subsidies","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilateral-trade-flows","display_name":"bilateral trade flows","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravity-model","display_name":"gravity model","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-simulation","display_name":"trade simulation","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/australia","display_name":"Australia","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union","display_name":"European Union","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japan","display_name":"Japan","score":0.9940000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776435913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316334","display_name":"Restrictiveness","level":2,"score":0.8102684617042542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776060655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52389","display_name":"Tariff","level":2,"score":0.7872662544250488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.7236067056655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.7127666473388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87889798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543986","display_name":"Gravity model of trade","level":2,"score":0.6494944095611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58823610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418","display_name":"Liberalization","level":2,"score":0.6057835817337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5633073449134827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35532855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200435","display_name":"Free trade","level":2,"score":0.5610846877098083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.5303676128387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.510894238948822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182769425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377302","display_name":"Trade barrier","level":2,"score":0.4713957607746124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4492991864681244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3422369956970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.12247142195701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai::2744","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2744/1/MPRA_paper_2744.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2744/1/MPRA_paper_2744.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"MPRA Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pra:mprapa:2744","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2744/1/MPRA_paper_2744.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2744/1/MPRA_paper_2744.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:1836699375","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2744/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3147172772","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/2744.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MPRA Paper","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai::2744","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2744/1/MPRA_paper_2744.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2744/1/MPRA_paper_2744.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"MPRA Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1836699375.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1836699375.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493970373","https://openalex.org/W1510170991","https://openalex.org/W1525813315","https://openalex.org/W1528126550","https://openalex.org/W1555092484","https://openalex.org/W1585184817","https://openalex.org/W1594106981","https://openalex.org/W1968097274","https://openalex.org/W1970276356","https://openalex.org/W1976868072","https://openalex.org/W2010323146","https://openalex.org/W2018061894","https://openalex.org/W2025794830","https://openalex.org/W2030121826","https://openalex.org/W2036127738","https://openalex.org/W2043663521","https://openalex.org/W2058134900","https://openalex.org/W2086391851","https://openalex.org/W2092376695","https://openalex.org/W2101340543","https://openalex.org/W2113955090","https://openalex.org/W2124758339","https://openalex.org/W2139662597","https://openalex.org/W2151657404","https://openalex.org/W2168313313","https://openalex.org/W2174036968","https://openalex.org/W2321784290","https://openalex.org/W3021624928","https://openalex.org/W3121794982","https://openalex.org/W3122933379","https://openalex.org/W3123884897"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024899544","https://openalex.org/W7099129425","https://openalex.org/W1815182634","https://openalex.org/W2071354548","https://openalex.org/W2184980076","https://openalex.org/W7098599706","https://openalex.org/W1606402978","https://openalex.org/W48049700","https://openalex.org/W4250609699","https://openalex.org/W1965726819"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,115],"gravity-based":[1],"model":[2,62],"is":[3,118],"developed":[4],"to":[5,65,93,120],"explain":[6],"bilateral":[7],"trade":[8,52,67,126],"flows":[9,53,68],"in":[10,43,99,107],"primary":[11,27],"and":[12,28,33,35,75,77,84,101,111],"processed":[13,29],"agri-food":[14,30],"commodities.":[15],"It":[16],"innovates":[17],"by":[18,36],"explicitly":[19],"accounting":[20],"for":[21],"the":[22,38,44,61,88,95,108],"vertical":[23],"production":[24],"linkages":[25],"between":[26,54],"products,":[31],"tariffs,":[32],"subsidies":[34,79,102],"estimating":[37],"restrictiveness":[39],"of":[40,60,72],"non-tariff":[41],"barriers":[42],"upstream":[45],"sector.":[46],"Our":[47],"application":[48],"focuses":[49],"on":[50],"cattle/beef":[51],"forty-two":[55],"countries.":[56],"The":[57,81],"structural":[58],"parameters":[59],"are":[63],"used":[64,119],"simulate":[66],"under":[69],"various":[70],"scenarios":[71],"import":[73],"tariffs":[74,100],"domestic":[76],"export":[78],"reductions.":[80],"United":[82],"States":[83],"Australia":[85],"emerge":[86],"as":[87,103],"exporting":[89],"countries":[90],"that":[91],"stand":[92],"benefit":[94],"most":[96],"from":[97],"cuts":[98],"bovine":[104],"meat":[105],"imports":[106],"European":[109],"Union":[110],"Japan":[112],"significantly":[113],"increase.":[114],"bootstrap":[116],"procedure":[117],"generate":[121],"confidence":[122],"intervals":[123],"around":[124],"predicted":[125],"liberalization":[127],"outcomes.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}