{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1836292136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/47.1.139","title":"Effects of Repeated Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Concentrations of Cholesterol, Micronutrients, and Hormones in Human Plasma and Serum","display_name":"Effects of Repeated Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Concentrations of Cholesterol, Micronutrients, and Hormones in Human Plasma and Serum","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1836292136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/47.1.139","mag":"1836292136","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11148194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/clinchem/47.1.139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/47.1.139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/47.1.139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139212996","display_name":"Clinical Chemistry","issn_l":"0009-9147","issn":["0009-9147","1530-8561"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320272","host_organization_name":"American Association for Clinical Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320272"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for Clinical Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111760086","display_name":"George W. Comstock","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George W Comstock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Hagerstown, MD 21742"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Hagerstown, MD 21742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103373447","display_name":"Alyce E Burke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alyce E Burke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Hagerstown, MD 21742"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Hagerstown, MD 21742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111737477","display_name":"Edward P. Norkus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119873","display_name":"Lady of Mercy Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02navrb60","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335289525","https://openalex.org/I19772626","https://openalex.org/I4210119873"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward P Norkus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Research, Our Lady of Mercy Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10470"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Research, Our Lady of Mercy Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10470","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119873"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111493486","display_name":"Gary Gordon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary B Gordon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Searle, Skokie, IL 60077"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Searle, Skokie, IL 60077","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111630261","display_name":"Sandra C. Hoffman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra C Hoffman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Hagerstown, MD 21742"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Hagerstown, MD 21742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108488415","display_name":"Kathy J. Helzlsouer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathy J Helzlsouer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Hagerstown, MD 21742"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Hagerstown, MD 21742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111760086"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":{"value":4636,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4636},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7968,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71741516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"1","first_page":"139","last_page":"142"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10693","display_name":"Blood transfusion and management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10836","display_name":"Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freeze-thaw-cycles","display_name":"freeze-thaw cycles","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma","display_name":"plasma","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum","display_name":"serum","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholesterol","display_name":"cholesterol","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micronutrients","display_name":"micronutrients","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hormones","display_name":"hormones","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-stability","display_name":"sample stability","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frozen-sample-storage","display_name":"frozen sample storage","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analyte-stability","display_name":"analyte stability","score":0.5130000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.704693078994751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14522933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531507","display_name":"Micronutrient","level":2,"score":0.6081696152687073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.5161253213882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4700806438922882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.44916707277297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.43718421459198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020134792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79749","display_name":"Human plasma","level":2,"score":0.4212955832481384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.27565133571624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.26919126510620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.19461166858673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001782","descriptor_name":"Blood Donors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001800","descriptor_name":"Blood Specimen Collection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002784","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006728","descriptor_name":"Hormones","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015925","descriptor_name":"Cryopreservation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018977","descriptor_name":"Micronutrients","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/clinchem/47.1.139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/47.1.139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/47.1.139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139212996","display_name":"Clinical Chemistry","issn_l":"0009-9147","issn":["0009-9147","1530-8561"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320272","host_organization_name":"American Association for Clinical Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320272"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for Clinical Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11148194","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11148194","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical chemistry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1153640190","display_name":"FOLLOW UP STUDIES OF CARDIORESPIRATORY DISEASE","funder_award_id":"K06HL021670","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3118442466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HL 21670","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3996798361","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"47503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","funder_display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05xf94514"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1860065172","https://openalex.org/W1964019317","https://openalex.org/W1994572432","https://openalex.org/W2003863598","https://openalex.org/W2029997908","https://openalex.org/W2048875964","https://openalex.org/W2052818799","https://openalex.org/W2082671498","https://openalex.org/W2086528898","https://openalex.org/W2435772150","https://openalex.org/W2731507867","https://openalex.org/W3001558654","https://openalex.org/W4242416368","https://openalex.org/W4300909153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052339395","https://openalex.org/W2498940867","https://openalex.org/W2566975547","https://openalex.org/W2193053539","https://openalex.org/W2605097370","https://openalex.org/W7116718231","https://openalex.org/W1821650438","https://openalex.org/W3165038046","https://openalex.org/W2091224670","https://openalex.org/W3207072838"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,149,195],"effects":[1,171],"of":[2,8,16,22,31,39,98,134,143,172],"repeated":[3,94],"freeze-thaw":[4,128,173],"cycles":[5,174],"on":[6,169,186,192],"concentrations":[7],"various":[9],"analytes":[10],"in":[11,85,107,182],"plasma":[12,23,118],"or":[13,119,126,137,164,191],"serum":[14,25,120],"were":[15],"little":[17],"interest":[18],"until":[19],"the":[20,28,32,37,60,74,82,91,141,170],"growth":[21],"and":[24,66,81,96],"banks":[26,41,67],"during":[27,188],"latter":[29],"part":[30],"20th":[33],"century.":[34],"By":[35],"1996,":[36],"number":[38],"such":[40,58,72,156],"used":[42],"primarily":[43],"for":[44,55,93,166],"cancer":[45],"research":[46,135],"had":[47],"grown":[48],"to":[49,116,155,178,200,203],"115":[50],"(1).":[51],"Many":[52],"also":[53],"exist":[54],"other":[56],"purposes,":[57],"as":[59,73],"WHO":[61],"Serum":[62],"Reference":[63],"Banks":[64],"(2)":[65],"associated":[68],"with":[69],"cardiovascular":[70],"studies":[71],"Multiple":[75],"Risk":[76,84],"Factor":[77],"Intervention":[78],"Trial":[79],"(MRFIT)":[80],"Atherosclerosis":[83],"Communities":[86],"(ARIC)":[87],"Study":[88],"(3)(4).":[89],"Although":[90],"need":[92],"freezing":[95],"thawing":[97],"samples":[99],"can":[100],"be":[101],"minimized":[102],"by":[103],"storing":[104],"banked":[105],"specimens":[106],"several":[108],"small":[109],"containers":[110],"(5),":[111],"it":[112],"often":[113,175],"is":[114],"necessary":[115],"use":[117],"that":[121,184],"has":[122],"already":[123],"undergone":[124],"one":[125],"more":[127],"cycles.":[129],"When":[130],"this":[131,204],"occurs,":[132],"reviewers":[133],"protocols":[136],"manuscripts":[138],"may":[139],"question":[140],"validity":[142],"data":[144],"obtained":[145],"from":[146],"these":[147],"specimens.":[148],"scientific":[150],"literature":[151],"provides":[152],"few":[153,180],"answers":[154],"questions.":[157],"Medline":[158],"contains":[159],"no":[160],"appropriate":[161],"key":[162],"word":[163],"phrase":[165],"searching;":[167],"comments":[168],"are":[176],"limited":[177],"a":[179],"sentences":[181],"publications":[183],"focus":[185],"stability":[187],"long-term":[189],"storage":[190],"assay":[193],"methodology.":[194],"present":[196],"study":[197],"was":[198],"designed":[199],"add":[201],"information":[202],"sparse":[205],"literature.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
