{"id":"https://openalex.org/W183565945","doi":null,"title":"The development of intensive foraging systems in northwestern California","display_name":"The development of intensive foraging systems in northwestern California","publication_year":null,"publication_date":null,"ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W183565945","mag":"183565945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pqdtoai.proquest.com:3379635","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3379635","pdf_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3379635","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064308","display_name":"ProQuest Demo Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058813555","display_name":"Shannon Tushingham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-3755","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-3755"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tushingham, Shannon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058813555"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10087","display_name":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","score":0.7710000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10087","display_name":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","score":0.7710000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12624","display_name":"Maritime and Coastal Archaeology","score":0.10970000177621841,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13831","display_name":"Archaeological and Geological Studies","score":0.026799999177455902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salmon-fishing","display_name":"salmon fishing","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obsidian-distribution","display_name":"obsidian distribution","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithic-reduction-strategies","display_name":"lithic reduction strategies","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faunal-analysis","display_name":"faunal analysis","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeobotany","display_name":"archaeobotany","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-distance-exchange","display_name":"long-distance exchange","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sedentism","display_name":"sedentism","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migration-models","display_name":"migration models","score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hunter-gatherer-subsistence","display_name":"hunter-gatherer subsistence","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northwestern-california","display_name":"northwestern California","score":0.5600000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165287380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916569","display_name":"Foraging","level":2,"score":0.4990196228027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4004766345024109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.18227097392082214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16524118185043335}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pqdtoai.proquest.com:3379635","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3379635","pdf_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3379635","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064308","display_name":"ProQuest Demo Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"thesis"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3206846834","https://openalex.org/W2274046398","https://openalex.org/W7095272484","https://openalex.org/W962377163","https://openalex.org/W2301806858","https://openalex.org/W2275334140","https://openalex.org/W2094344068","https://openalex.org/W2597006311","https://openalex.org/W7097964758","https://openalex.org/W839818066"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Salmon":[0],"figures":[1],"prominently":[2],"in":[3,37,48,73,96,129,156,160,199,240,263,314,453],"the":[4,9,27,49,78,91,100,112,123,130,140,161,189,237,241,249,253,258,315,318,355,387,398,408,412,438,463,512,520],"anthropological":[5],"literature":[6],"as":[7,479],"providing":[8],"economic":[10],"foundation":[11],"of":[12,30,81,93,99,125,133,165,188,230,244,277,288,317,357,367,378,390,397,415,437,443,451,465,507,511],"many":[13],"north":[14],"Pacific":[15,101,514],"hunter-gatherer":[16,540],"social":[17,391],"institutions.":[18],"In":[19],"California,":[20,75,166],"acorns":[21,432],"play":[22],"a":[23,217,435,536],"similar":[24,94],"role.":[25],"Although":[26],"central":[28],"role":[29],"these":[31,87,134,444],"dietary":[32],"staples":[33,445],"is":[34,51,77,154,322,362,446,456,534],"attested":[35],"to":[36,90,110,210,291,386,411,420,427,430,458,491],"northwestern":[38,74,163,245,264,454,499],"California":[39,455,500],"ethnography,":[40],"how":[41,85],"and":[42,59,69,84,104,114,167,172,193,207,216,221,257,275,281,294,299,302,304,332,372,393,404,441,468,488,493,505,522],"why":[43,60],"this":[44,82],"may":[45],"have":[46,146,428,459],"differed":[47],"past":[50],"poorly":[52],"understood.":[53],"This":[54],"dissertation":[55,284],"research":[56,171],"asks,":[57],"when":[58,354],"do":[61,86],"intensive":[62,126,528],"foraging":[63,127,346,401],"systems":[64,95,128],"focused":[65,147],"on":[66,148,470],"salmon":[67],"fishing":[68],"acorn":[70],"processing":[71,329],"emerge":[72],"what":[76],"temporal":[79],"trajectory":[80,450],"development,":[83],"events":[88],"relate":[89],"development":[92],"other":[97],"areas":[98],"Northwest":[102],"Coast":[103],"California?":[105],"The":[106,283,376,448,483,498],"study":[107],"was":[108,330,383,485],"designed":[109],"test":[111],"Migration":[113],"Pilot":[115],"Ridge":[116],"Models,":[117],"which":[118,179,225,475],"make":[119],"specific":[120],"predictions":[121],"concerning":[122],"appearance":[124],"region.":[131],"Resolution":[132],"models":[135],"has":[136],"been":[137,460],"impeded":[138],"by":[139,462],"fact":[141],"that":[142,195,526],"most":[143],"regional":[144],"studies":[145],"coastal":[149],"or":[150],"upland":[151],"sites.":[152],"Research":[153],"based":[155],"Tolowa":[157,177],"ancestral":[158],"territory,":[159],"extreme":[162,204],"corner":[164],"includes":[168,285],"(1)":[169],"archival":[170],"ethnographic":[173],"interviews":[174],"conducted":[175],"with":[176,271],"consultants,":[178],"document":[180,226],"previously":[181],"unknown":[182],"details":[183],"about":[184],"aboriginal":[185],"land":[186],"use":[187,280,316],"Smith":[190,238],"River":[191,239],"Basin":[192],"show":[194],"historic":[196],"groups":[197,392,417,467],"persisted":[198],"pursuing":[200],"traditional":[201,219],"lifeways":[202],"despite":[203],"population":[205,503],"decline":[206],"displacement":[208],"due":[209,410],"horrific":[211],"massacres,":[212],"disease,":[213],"forced":[214],"removals,":[215],"disintegrating":[218],"economy,":[220],"(2)":[222],"archaeological":[223],"excavations,":[224],"over":[227],"8000":[228],"years":[229],"human":[231],"occupation":[232],"at":[233],"five":[234],"sites":[235],"along":[236],"Redwood":[242],"Belt":[243],"California.":[246,265],"Excavations":[247],"revealed":[248],"longest":[250],"chronological":[251,267],"sequence,":[252],"earliest":[254],"plank":[255,359],"houses":[256],"only":[259],"semi-subterranean":[260],"sweathouse":[261],"recorded":[262],"Four":[266],"components":[268],"are":[269,348],"defined,":[270],"distinct":[272],"assemblages,":[273],"features,":[274],"patterns":[276],"raw":[278],"material":[279],"procurement.":[282],"an":[286],"examination":[287],"data":[289],"relating":[290],"subsistence":[292],"(faunal":[293],"archaeobotanical":[295],"analyses,":[296],"site":[297],"structure":[298],"assemblage":[300],"correlates)":[301],"settlement":[303],"mobility":[305],"(lithic":[306],"reduction":[307],"strategies,":[308],"obsidian":[309],"distribution":[310],"patterns).":[311],"An":[312],"increase":[313],"lowland":[319],"river":[320],"basin":[321],"detected":[323],"after":[324,337],"5000":[325],"cal":[326,339,351],"BP.":[327,340],"Acorn":[328],"important,":[331],"residential":[333],"stability":[334],"increased,":[335],"particularly":[336],"3100":[338],"However,":[341],"evidence":[342],"for":[343,539],"several":[344],"key":[345],"strategies":[347,402],"absent":[349],"until":[350],"1250":[352],"BP":[353],"rise":[356],"linear":[358],"house":[360],"villages":[361],"documented,":[363],"including":[364],"logistical":[365],"pursuit":[366],"resources,":[368],"mass":[369],"extractive":[370],"methods,":[371],"large":[373],"scale":[374],"storage.":[375],"restructuring":[377],"long":[379],"distance":[380],"exchange":[381],"relationships":[382],"clearly":[384],"related":[385],"developing":[388],"insularity":[389],"increased":[394],"sedentism":[395],"characteristic":[396],"time.":[399],"Intensive":[400],"developed":[403],"spread":[405],"quickly":[406],"throughout":[407],"region":[409],"competitive":[413],"advantage":[414],"sedentary":[416],"laying":[418],"claim":[419],"productive":[421],"resource":[422],"patches.":[423],"As":[424],"foragers":[425],"seem":[426],"chosen":[429],"intensify":[431],"before":[433],"salmon,":[434],"reexamination":[436],"assumed":[439],"costs":[440],"benefits":[442],"offered.":[447],"unique":[449],"intensification":[452],"shown":[457],"influenced":[461],"tradition":[464],"small":[466],"emphasis":[469],"less":[471],"risky":[472],"plant":[473],"foods,":[474],"were":[476],"probably":[477],"viewed":[478],"privately":[480],"owned":[481],"goods.":[482],"system":[484,501],"small,":[486],"efficient,":[487],"highly":[489],"resistant":[490],"freeloaders":[492],"top":[494],"down":[495],"labor":[496],"demands.":[497],"achieved":[502],"densities":[504],"levels":[506],"affluence":[508],"rivaling":[509],"those":[510],"classic":[513],"Northwest,":[515],"but":[516],"more":[517],"cheaply,":[518],"without":[519],"costly":[521],"burdensome":[523],"sociopolitical":[524],"organization":[525],"mobilized":[527],"production":[529],"there.":[530],"Clearly,":[531],"organizational":[532],"complexity":[533],"not":[535],"necessary":[537],"prerequisite":[538],"intensification.":[541]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}