{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1834347367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ectc.1999.776295","title":"Compact 1-to-8, double 1-to-4 or fourfold 1-to-2 space switch based on beam steering by a waveguide array","display_name":"Compact 1-to-8, double 1-to-4 or fourfold 1-to-2 space switch based on beam steering by a waveguide array","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1834347367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ectc.1999.776295","mag":"1834347367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ectc.1999.776295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ectc.1999.776295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ectc.1999.776295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608088","display_name":"IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC)","issn_l":"2766-8401","issn":["2766-8401"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1999 Proceedings. 49th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (Cat. No.99CH36299)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000069014","display_name":"Folkert Horst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6559-2076","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6559-2076"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Horst","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046593997","display_name":"E. Fl\u00fcck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Fluck","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000532047","display_name":"Bert Jan Offrein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-0068","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-0068"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.J. Offrein","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017987788","display_name":"Roland Germann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Germann","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109165547","display_name":"Huub W. M. Salemink","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.W.M. Salemink","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111209577","display_name":"G.L. Bona","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G.-L. Bona","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.897,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69673909,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"922","last_page":"926"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arrayed-waveguide-grating","display_name":"arrayed waveguide grating","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compact-optical-switch","display_name":"compact optical switch","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-isolation","display_name":"channel isolation","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-chip-loss","display_name":"on-chip loss","score":0.8240000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200687136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11233438","display_name":"Waveguide","level":2,"score":0.8082339763641357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.7767608761787415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101336846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105111","display_name":"Optical switch","level":2,"score":0.69181889295578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.621040940284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5994230508804321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776581130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q699314","display_name":"Arrayed waveguide grating","level":4,"score":0.5694876909255981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777813233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527816","display_name":"Grating","level":2,"score":0.4913283884525299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.48892298340797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135562815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876189","display_name":"Beam propagation method","level":3,"score":0.46902763843536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.45506995916366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.45279017090797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4408312439918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.4152901768684387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.37357068061828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23868706822395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160724564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620670","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.18205544352531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ectc.1999.776295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ectc.1999.776295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ectc.1999.776295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608088","display_name":"IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC)","issn_l":"2766-8401","issn":["2766-8401"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1999 Proceedings. 49th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (Cat. No.99CH36299)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550923882","https://openalex.org/W1864018082","https://openalex.org/W1997341030","https://openalex.org/W2040817430","https://openalex.org/W2064334418","https://openalex.org/W2130769736","https://openalex.org/W2144650395","https://openalex.org/W2147870224","https://openalex.org/W2156259884","https://openalex.org/W2158367645","https://openalex.org/W2168095702"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103563906","https://openalex.org/W2092641127","https://openalex.org/W2070640599","https://openalex.org/W1760192763","https://openalex.org/W1988453372","https://openalex.org/W2087455714","https://openalex.org/W2223578702","https://openalex.org/W2072598690","https://openalex.org/W2020454608","https://openalex.org/W2053780865"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,81],"present":[1],"the":[2,26,59,72,85,90,117],"implementation":[3,60],"of":[4,23,32,74,84,92],"an":[5,16],"optical":[6],"space":[7],"switching":[8,31],"concept":[9],"based":[10],"on":[11,25,116],"thermo-optic":[12],"beam":[13],"steering":[14],"in":[15],"arrayed":[17],"waveguide":[18,37,68],"grating":[19],"(AWG).":[20],"Individual":[21],"addressing":[22],"heaters":[24],"array":[27],"waveguides":[28],"enables":[29],"flexible":[30],"input":[33],"signals":[34],"to":[35,89,94],"output":[36],"channels.":[38],"The":[39],"switch":[40,48,100],"can":[41],"be":[42],"used":[43,62],"either":[44],"as":[45,50],"a":[46,98,110],"1-to-8":[47],"or":[49,55,101],"multiple":[51],"parallel":[52],"1-to-4,":[53],"1-to-3":[54,99],"1-to-2":[56],"switches.":[57],"For":[58],"we":[61],"our":[63],"high-refractive-index":[64],"SiON/SiO/sub":[65],"2/":[66],"planar":[67],"technology,":[69],"which":[70],"allows":[71],"realization":[73],"compact":[75],"devices":[76],"using":[77],"small":[78],"bending":[79],"radii.":[80],"achieved":[82],"isolations":[83],"\"off\"-channels":[86],"with":[87],"respect":[88],"\"on\"-channel":[91],"up":[93],"27":[95],"dB":[96,105],"for":[97,106,109],"better":[102],"than":[103],"22":[104],"all":[107],"\"off\"-waveguides":[108],"1-to-8.Switch.":[111],"Total":[112],"on-chip":[113],"losses":[114],"depend":[115],"functional":[118],"configuration":[119],"required":[120],"and":[121,125],"are":[122],"between":[123],"2.4":[124],"5.7":[126],"dB.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
