{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1833977909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.279","title":"Improved Use of Continuous Attributes in C4.5","display_name":"Improved Use of Continuous Attributes in C4.5","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1833977909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.279","mag":"1833977909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1613/jair.279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.279","pdf_url":"https://www.jair.org/index.php/jair/article/download/10157/24078","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139930977","display_name":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research","issn_l":"1076-9757","issn":["1076-9757","1943-5037"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315760","host_organization_name":"AI Access Foundation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315760"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AI Access Foundation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1833977909"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.jair.org/index.php/jair/article/download/10157/24078","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110271944","display_name":"J. R. Quinlan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. R. Quinlan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Basser Department of Computer Science University of Sydney , Sydney Australia 2006","Basser Dept. of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basser Department of Computer Science University of Sydney , Sydney Australia 2006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basser Dept. of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110271944"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":33.3791,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1879,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99837596,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"77","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13373","display_name":"Data Mining and Machine Learning Applications","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c4-5","display_name":"C4.5","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree-induction","display_name":"decision tree induction","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-features","display_name":"continuous attributes","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-description-length","display_name":"minimum description length","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-evaluation","display_name":"test evaluation","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prediction-accuracy","display_name":"prediction accuracy","score":0.8840000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6081870794296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5774720907211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5349717140197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5204710960388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.502227783203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44107574224472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40416017174720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3758319616317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3204808235168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1613/jair.279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.279","pdf_url":"https://www.jair.org/index.php/jair/article/download/10157/24078","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139930977","display_name":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research","issn_l":"1076-9757","issn":["1076-9757","1943-5037"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315760","host_organization_name":"AI Access Foundation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315760"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AI Access Foundation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:cs/9603103","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/cs/9603103","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/cs/9603103","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.46.3240","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.46.3240","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/project/jair/volume4/quinlan96a.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.50.144","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.50.144","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/jair/pub/volume4/quinlan96a.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.69.7270","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.69.7270","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/jair/pub/volume4/quinlan96a.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.744.8564","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.744.8564","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/cs/9603103.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.cs/9603103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cs/9603103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cs/9603103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1613/jair.279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.279","pdf_url":"https://www.jair.org/index.php/jair/article/download/10157/24078","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139930977","display_name":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research","issn_l":"1076-9757","issn":["1076-9757","1943-5037"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315760","host_organization_name":"AI Access Foundation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315760"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AI Access Foundation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1833977909.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1833977909.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492170170","https://openalex.org/W1539741229","https://openalex.org/W1585743408","https://openalex.org/W1597910678","https://openalex.org/W1619226191","https://openalex.org/W1678889691","https://openalex.org/W1983661866","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W2032427901","https://openalex.org/W2074584355","https://openalex.org/W2106596127","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2132166479","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W4247767684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014483852","https://openalex.org/W2560691840","https://openalex.org/W2162747539","https://openalex.org/W2358934849","https://openalex.org/W150191245","https://openalex.org/W2393643489","https://openalex.org/W2789251890","https://openalex.org/W2032427901","https://openalex.org/W4233694688","https://openalex.org/W2375484861"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"reported":[1],"weakness":[2],"of":[3,18,33,42,67],"C4.5":[4,68],"in":[5],"domains":[6],"with":[7,56,86],"continuous":[8,21],"attributes":[9],"is":[10,26,72],"addressed":[11],"by":[12],"modifying":[13],"the":[14,39,49],"formation":[15],"and":[16,37,81],"evaluation":[17],"tests":[19],"on":[20],"attributes.":[22],"An":[23],"MDL-inspired":[24],"penalty":[25],"applied":[27],"to":[28,52,74],"such":[29],"tests,":[30],"eliminating":[31],"some":[32],"them":[34],"from":[35],"consideration":[36],"altering":[38],"relative":[40],"desirability":[41],"all":[43],"tests.":[44],"Empirical":[45],"trials":[46],"show":[47],"that":[48,63,77,82],"modifications":[50],"lead":[51],"smaller":[53],"decision":[54],"trees":[55,85],"higher":[57],"predictive":[58],"accuracies.":[59],"Results":[60],"also":[61],"confirm":[62],"a":[64],"new":[65],"version":[66],"incorporating":[69],"these":[70],"changes":[71],"superior":[73],"recent":[75],"approaches":[76],"use":[78],"global":[79],"discretization":[80],"construct":[83],"small":[84],"multi-interval":[87],"splits.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":108},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":91},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":102},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":85},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":80},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":95},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":96},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":102}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}