{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1832347372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.56.1.61-79.1992","title":"RNA recombination in animal and plant viruses","display_name":"RNA recombination in animal and plant viruses","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1832347372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.56.1.61-79.1992","mag":"1832347372","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1579113","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/372854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/mr.56.1.61-79.1992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.56.1.61-79.1992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.56.1.61-79.1992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177515","display_name":"Microbiological Reviews","issn_l":"0146-0749","issn":["0146-0749","1070-6275"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbiological Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.56.1.61-79.1992","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029206852","display_name":"Michael M. C. Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5206-9451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5206-9451"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344073410","display_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/006w34k90","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M M Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029206852"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I1344073410"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.383,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":674,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99795102,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"1","first_page":"61","last_page":"79"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11135","display_name":"Virology and Viral Diseases","score":0.4036000072956085,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11135","display_name":"Virology and Viral Diseases","score":0.4036000072956085,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.23440000414848328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10494","display_name":"Plant Virus Research Studies","score":0.19470000267028809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rna-recombination","display_name":"RNA recombination","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rna-viruses","display_name":"RNA viruses","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homologous-recombination","display_name":"homologous recombination","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illegitimate-recombination","display_name":"illegitimate recombination","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-evolution","display_name":"viral evolution","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-rna-structure","display_name":"viral RNA structure","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-duplication","display_name":"sequence duplication","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indels","display_name":"indels","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-viruses","display_name":"animal viruses","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-viruses","display_name":"plant viruses","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156695909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3373825","display_name":"Recombination","level":3,"score":0.8179903030395508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.7790443897247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102744134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22280388","display_name":"Homologous recombination","level":3,"score":0.7323849201202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135300049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5426559","display_name":"FLP-FRT recombination","level":5,"score":0.7112557888031006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7057979106903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.6130854487419128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101434241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211675","display_name":"Genetic recombination","level":4,"score":0.5884009599685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122917832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2065945","display_name":"Non-homologous end joining","level":4,"score":0.5333582758903503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82040048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049125","display_name":"Non-allelic homologous recombination","level":5,"score":0.48577287793159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8769409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2066554","display_name":"Viral evolution","level":4,"score":0.4564007818698883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112212490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471134","display_name":"Gene conversion","level":4,"score":0.44621309638023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.4334624111652374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64894306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849622","display_name":"Homologous chromosome","level":3,"score":0.4177302420139313}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010942","descriptor_name":"Plant Viruses","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011995","descriptor_name":"Recombination, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012367","descriptor_name":"RNA, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014780","descriptor_name":"Viruses","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/mr.56.1.61-79.1992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.56.1.61-79.1992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.56.1.61-79.1992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177515","display_name":"Microbiological Reviews","issn_l":"0146-0749","issn":["0146-0749","1070-6275"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbiological Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1128/mmbr.56.1.61-79.1992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.56.1.61-79.1992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.56.1.61-79.1992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177515","display_name":"Microbiological Reviews","issn_l":"0146-0749","issn":["0146-0749","1070-6275"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbiological Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1579113","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1579113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbiological reviews","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:372854","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC372854/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbiol Rev","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2185330766","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mmbr.asm.org/content/56/1/61.full.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/mr.56.1.61-79.1992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.56.1.61-79.1992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.56.1.61-79.1992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177515","display_name":"Microbiological Reviews","issn_l":"0146-0749","issn":["0146-0749","1070-6275"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbiological Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G681071664","display_name":"MURINE CORONAVIRUS RNA SYNTHESIS","funder_award_id":"R01AI019244","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G958302988","display_name":"DEMYELINATING DISEASE: VIRAL AND IMMUNE FUNCTION","funder_award_id":"P01NS018146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44757669","https://openalex.org/W142477063","https://openalex.org/W151363474","https://openalex.org/W310789796","https://openalex.org/W568493077","https://openalex.org/W650879742","https://openalex.org/W1507160177","https://openalex.org/W1508030956","https://openalex.org/W1518010790","https://openalex.org/W1527595827","https://openalex.org/W1535402870","https://openalex.org/W1539177344","https://openalex.org/W1541738791","https://openalex.org/W1561528540","https://openalex.org/W1562904955","https://openalex.org/W1563437181","https://openalex.org/W1586964416","https://openalex.org/W1589329533","https://openalex.org/W1594025725","https://openalex.org/W1606811656","https://openalex.org/W1670333811","https://openalex.org/W1798230167","https://openalex.org/W1867480059","https://openalex.org/W1873774238","https://openalex.org/W1877486762","https://openalex.org/W1925135733","https://openalex.org/W1964689773","https://openalex.org/W1968038125","https://openalex.org/W1973855163","https://openalex.org/W1973968273","https://openalex.org/W1985756104","https://openalex.org/W1988411415","https://openalex.org/W1993486727","https://openalex.org/W1998450447","https://openalex.org/W2001297399","https://openalex.org/W2001680192","https://openalex.org/W2001955770","https://openalex.org/W2005402262","https://openalex.org/W2006025628","https://openalex.org/W2007576361","https://openalex.org/W2007578387","https://openalex.org/W2008480216","https://openalex.org/W2015574817","https://openalex.org/W2016265574","https://openalex.org/W2021268021","https://openalex.org/W2022291864","https://openalex.org/W2024247493","https://openalex.org/W2026567602","https://openalex.org/W2027271983","https://openalex.org/W2031208393","https://openalex.org/W2037713473","https://openalex.org/W2037895870","https://openalex.org/W2039869767","https://openalex.org/W2045043501","https://openalex.org/W2048205813","https://openalex.org/W2048561827","https://openalex.org/W2053667461","https://openalex.org/W2054643109","https://openalex.org/W2055779188","https://openalex.org/W2057164767","https://openalex.org/W2058080941","https://openalex.org/W2058514621","https://openalex.org/W2060190614","https://openalex.org/W2060809471","https://openalex.org/W2064278373","https://openalex.org/W2066140926","https://openalex.org/W2066359111","https://openalex.org/W2066965291","https://openalex.org/W2068420800","https://openalex.org/W2071944390","https://openalex.org/W2073004681","https://openalex.org/W2078006595","https://openalex.org/W2078421568","https://openalex.org/W2083481019","https://openalex.org/W2087363345","https://openalex.org/W2088674611","https://openalex.org/W2090117197","https://openalex.org/W2093309267","https://openalex.org/W2093833429","https://openalex.org/W2094830309","https://openalex.org/W2096733579","https://openalex.org/W2097280591","https://openalex.org/W2099300140","https://openalex.org/W2104322450","https://openalex.org/W2113745015","https://openalex.org/W2118451774","https://openalex.org/W2124081323","https://openalex.org/W2129534361","https://openalex.org/W2130972387","https://openalex.org/W2133522535","https://openalex.org/W2134692586","https://openalex.org/W2140231425","https://openalex.org/W2141157539","https://openalex.org/W2144067328","https://openalex.org/W2146686723","https://openalex.org/W2148928966","https://openalex.org/W2154280471","https://openalex.org/W2154632774","https://openalex.org/W2166195426","https://openalex.org/W2185782328","https://openalex.org/W2224063625","https://openalex.org/W2325503071","https://openalex.org/W2424380432","https://openalex.org/W2501383645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099395604","https://openalex.org/W2033417454","https://openalex.org/W197305801","https://openalex.org/W2380500356","https://openalex.org/W2025715508","https://openalex.org/W1912598317","https://openalex.org/W2104104717","https://openalex.org/W2161445471","https://openalex.org/W2167214103","https://openalex.org/W2003585432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"increasing":[1],"number":[2],"of":[3,21,29,41,50,86,101,110],"animal":[4],"and":[5,45,54,73,83,130],"plant":[6],"viruses":[7,31,60,69,72,103],"have":[8,32],"been":[9,33,143],"shown":[10,34,144],"to":[11,35,145],"undergo":[12,36],"RNA-RNA":[13],"recombination,":[14,119,133],"which":[15,120,134],"is":[16,161],"defined":[17],"as":[18],"the":[19,99],"exchange":[20],"genetic":[22],"information":[23],"between":[24,68,71],"nonsegmented":[25],"RNAs.":[26],"Only":[27],"some":[28,153],"these":[30],"recombination":[37,67,88,112,141,159],"in":[38,98,122,152],"experimental":[39],"infection":[40],"tissue":[42],"culture,":[43],"animals,":[44],"plants.":[46],"However,":[47],"a":[48,94,148],"survey":[49],"viral":[51,78],"RNA":[52,59,87,102,111,140],"structure":[53],"sequences":[55],"suggests":[56],"that":[57,90],"many":[58],"were":[61],"derived":[62],"form":[63],"homologous":[64,115,118],"or":[65,70,126],"nonhomologous":[66,131],"cellular":[74],"genes":[75],"during":[76,128],"natural":[77],"evolution.":[79],"The":[80],"high":[81],"frequency":[82],"widespread":[84],"nature":[85],"indicate":[89],"this":[91,158],"phenomenon":[92],"plays":[93],"more":[95],"significant":[96],"role":[97],"biology":[100],"than":[104],"was":[105],"previously":[106],"recognized.":[107],"Three":[108],"types":[109],"are":[113],"defined:":[114],"recombination;":[116,129],"aberrant":[117],"results":[121],"sequence":[123,138],"duplication,":[124],"insertion,":[125],"deletion":[127],"(illegitimate)":[132],"does":[135],"not":[136],"involve":[137],"homology.":[139],"has":[142],"occur":[146],"by":[147],"copy":[149],"choice":[150],"mechanism":[151,160],"viruses.":[154],"A":[155],"model":[156],"for":[157],"presented.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
