{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1829883184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151012","title":"Deconstructing the Energy-Efficiency Gap: Conceptual Frameworks and Evidence","display_name":"Deconstructing the Energy-Efficiency Gap: Conceptual Frameworks and Evidence","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1829883184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151012","mag":"1829883184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1257/aer.p20151012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23254222","display_name":"American Economic Review","issn_l":"0002-8282","issn":["0002-8282","1944-7981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10273","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080115390","display_name":"Todd Gerarden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0336-805X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0336-805X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd Gerarden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Kennedy School, 79 John F. Kennedy St., Cambridge, MA 02138 (e-mail: )","HARVARD U"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Kennedy School, 79 John F. Kennedy St., Cambridge, MA 02138 (e-mail: )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HARVARD U","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062158201","display_name":"Richard G. Newell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3205-5562","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3205-5562"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard G. Newell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 140 Science Dr., 101 Gross Hall, Durham, NC 27708 (e-mail: )"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 140 Science Dr., 101 Gross Hall, Durham, NC 27708 (e-mail: )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001387267","display_name":"Robert N. Stavins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-1706","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-1706"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert N. Stavins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Kennedy School, 79 John F. Kennedy St., Cambridge, MA 02138 (e-mail: )","HARVARD U"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Kennedy School, 79 John F. Kennedy St., Cambridge, MA 02138 (e-mail: )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HARVARD U","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6027,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89514293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"105","issue":"5","first_page":"183","last_page":"186"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.8877000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.8877000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.07599999755620956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10898","display_name":"Pro-Environmental Behavior and Attitudes","score":0.008799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency-gap","display_name":"energy efficiency gap","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency-adoption","display_name":"energy efficiency adoption","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-failure","display_name":"market failure","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-anomalies","display_name":"behavioral anomalies","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-error","display_name":"measurement error","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficient-technologies","display_name":"energy-saving technologies","score":0.5260000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.737391471862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6652325987815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777381055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308922","display_name":"Damages","level":2,"score":0.6315980553627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5955933928489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5550117492675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4369460344314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4220365285873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.38979238271713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.33021825551986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1308482587337494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11615949869155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1257/aer.p20151012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23254222","display_name":"American Economic Review","issn_l":"0002-8282","issn":["0002-8282","1944-7981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:105:y:2015:i:5:p:183-86","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.p20151012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dukespace.lib.duke.edu:10161/10273","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400687","display_name":"DukeSpace (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2289283425","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/aer.p20151012","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dukespace.lib.duke.edu:10161/10273","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400687","display_name":"DukeSpace (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.75,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567910574","https://openalex.org/W1854420914","https://openalex.org/W1975468699","https://openalex.org/W1989853704","https://openalex.org/W2006011741","https://openalex.org/W2021701879","https://openalex.org/W2045012993","https://openalex.org/W2068903747","https://openalex.org/W2071225250","https://openalex.org/W2106173567","https://openalex.org/W2118680981","https://openalex.org/W2120546504","https://openalex.org/W2124120998","https://openalex.org/W2127510684","https://openalex.org/W2130950828","https://openalex.org/W3021167344","https://openalex.org/W3022555407","https://openalex.org/W3122849197","https://openalex.org/W3123020012","https://openalex.org/W3123495000","https://openalex.org/W3123804661"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4302155168","https://openalex.org/W6989011967","https://openalex.org/W4403086226","https://openalex.org/W2123540610","https://openalex.org/W3123300160","https://openalex.org/W2289283425","https://openalex.org/W2087788886","https://openalex.org/W2529381992","https://openalex.org/W1989853704","https://openalex.org/W7096321885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Energy-efficient":[0],"technologies":[1,19],"offer":[2],"considerable":[3],"promise":[4],"for":[5,42,62],"reducing":[6],"the":[7,26,63,82,89,95],"financial":[8],"costs":[9],"and":[10,74,76],"environmental":[11],"damages":[12],"associated":[13],"with":[14],"energy":[15,64,86],"use,":[16],"but":[17],"these":[18],"appear":[20],"not":[21],"to":[22,25],"be":[23],"adopted":[24],"degree":[27],"that":[28],"appears":[29],"justified,":[30],"even":[31],"on":[32],"a":[33],"purely":[34],"private":[35],"basis.":[36],"We":[37],"present":[38],"two":[39],"complementary":[40],"frameworks":[41],"understanding":[43],"this":[44],"so-called":[45],"\u201cenergy":[46,49],"paradox\u201d":[47],"or":[48],"efficiency":[50,65,87],"gap.\u201d":[51],"First,":[52],"we":[53,80],"build":[54],"upon":[55],"previous":[56],"literature":[57],"by":[58],"dividing":[59],"potential":[60],"explanations":[61],"gap":[66],"into":[67],"three":[68],"categories:":[69],"market":[70],"failures,":[71],"behavioral":[72],"anomalies,":[73],"model":[75],"measurement":[77],"errors.":[78],"Second,":[79],"examine":[81],"elements":[83],"of":[84],"cost-minimizing":[85],"decisions,":[88],"typical":[90],"benchmark":[91],"used":[92],"in":[93],"assessing":[94],"gap's":[96],"magnitude.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}