{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1827656304","doi":null,"title":"Treatment of primary and secondary osteoarthritis of the knee.","display_name":"Treatment of primary and secondary osteoarthritis of the knee.","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1827656304","mag":"1827656304","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18088162","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4781439"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4781439","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4781439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep)","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4781439","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106893782","display_name":"David J Samson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J Samson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028128127","display_name":"Mark D Grant","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark D Grant","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111401507","display_name":"Thomas A Ratko","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas A Ratko","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063365862","display_name":"Claudia J Bonnell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia J Bonnell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068796516","display_name":"Kathleen M Ziegler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6875-8825","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6875-8825"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen M Ziegler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038142202","display_name":"Naomi Aronson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6386-0946","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6386-0946"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naomi Aronson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2036,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86028305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"157","first_page":"1","last_page":"157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10105","display_name":"Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10105","display_name":"Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13335","display_name":"Pharmacological Effects of Medicinal Plants","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knee-osteoarthritis","display_name":"knee osteoarthritis","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucosamine","display_name":"glucosamine","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chondroitin","display_name":"chondroitin","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arthroscopic-lavage","display_name":"arthroscopic lavage","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arthroscopic-debridement","display_name":"arthroscopic debridement","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-osteoarthritis","display_name":"secondary osteoarthritis","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-efficacy","display_name":"treatment efficacy","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-and-function-outcomes","display_name":"pain and function outcomes","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/publication-bias","display_name":"publication bias","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placebo-controlled-comparison","display_name":"placebo comparison","score":0.3619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909830753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337231","display_name":"Viscosupplementation","level":5,"score":0.9285354614257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8294195532798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776164576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62736","display_name":"Osteoarthritis","level":3,"score":0.7233304381370544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776735749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4862650","display_name":"Chondroitin","level":3,"score":0.6935303211212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778125326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327506","display_name":"Glucosamine","level":2,"score":0.676270067691803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6735209822654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.5632427930831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5017786026000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4686633348464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.29011809825897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.252483606338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.1291181445121765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.10668003559112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019843197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9644","display_name":"Intra articular","level":4,"score":0.09293225407600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153074725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407553","display_name":"Glycosaminoglycan","level":2,"score":0.06549990177154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001182","descriptor_name":"Arthroscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002807","descriptor_name":"Chondroitin","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002807","descriptor_name":"Chondroitin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003646","descriptor_name":"Debridement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005944","descriptor_name":"Glucosamine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005944","descriptor_name":"Glucosamine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006820","descriptor_name":"Hyaluronic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006820","descriptor_name":"Hyaluronic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007270","descriptor_name":"Injections, Intra-Articular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007507","descriptor_name":"Therapeutic Irrigation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007717","descriptor_name":"Knee","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010146","descriptor_name":"Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013582","descriptor_name":"Synovial Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020370","descriptor_name":"Osteoarthritis, Knee","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020370","descriptor_name":"Osteoarthritis, Knee","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020370","descriptor_name":"Osteoarthritis, Knee","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4781439","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4781439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:18088162","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18088162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evidence report/technology assessment","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:1827656304","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18088162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4781439","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4781439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep)","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":129,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1916704","https://openalex.org/W2036740","https://openalex.org/W19025065","https://openalex.org/W52995407","https://openalex.org/W63434408","https://openalex.org/W98512702","https://openalex.org/W123540466","https://openalex.org/W156986455","https://openalex.org/W160580327","https://openalex.org/W181253912","https://openalex.org/W1481179960","https://openalex.org/W1541055999","https://openalex.org/W1548610122","https://openalex.org/W1583329760","https://openalex.org/W1798808844","https://openalex.org/W1821469868","https://openalex.org/W1845865875","https://openalex.org/W1861411682","https://openalex.org/W1953740637","https://openalex.org/W1965318232","https://openalex.org/W1967637913","https://openalex.org/W1970451394","https://openalex.org/W1972724754","https://openalex.org/W1976302130","https://openalex.org/W1979479379","https://openalex.org/W1979595103","https://openalex.org/W1983301748","https://openalex.org/W1984401291","https://openalex.org/W1985735551","https://openalex.org/W1986094466","https://openalex.org/W1986215651","https://openalex.org/W1991720524","https://openalex.org/W1992756380","https://openalex.org/W2000442546","https://openalex.org/W2002388701","https://openalex.org/W2004666334","https://openalex.org/W2005532598","https://openalex.org/W2006979162","https://openalex.org/W2007511577","https://openalex.org/W2007718961","https://openalex.org/W2008259657","https://openalex.org/W2009453878","https://openalex.org/W2009622554","https://openalex.org/W2011487877","https://openalex.org/W2013758722","https://openalex.org/W2016826188","https://openalex.org/W2019989482","https://openalex.org/W2027822081","https://openalex.org/W2031295321","https://openalex.org/W2032094281","https://openalex.org/W2035833931","https://openalex.org/W2037124948","https://openalex.org/W2043655544","https://openalex.org/W2045755583","https://openalex.org/W2056970986","https://openalex.org/W2057647525","https://openalex.org/W2058147305","https://openalex.org/W2059154936","https://openalex.org/W2062024856","https://openalex.org/W2062323577","https://openalex.org/W2065215606","https://openalex.org/W2065267852","https://openalex.org/W2065556610","https://openalex.org/W2065563691","https://openalex.org/W2066100945","https://openalex.org/W2070286795","https://openalex.org/W2071827130","https://openalex.org/W2073698691","https://openalex.org/W2074151557","https://openalex.org/W2074684646","https://openalex.org/W2076240808","https://openalex.org/W2078828283","https://openalex.org/W2086872023","https://openalex.org/W2088276356","https://openalex.org/W2089474757","https://openalex.org/W2093543469","https://openalex.org/W2093741509","https://openalex.org/W2100445448","https://openalex.org/W2103637454","https://openalex.org/W2104327876","https://openalex.org/W2105213518","https://openalex.org/W2106059946","https://openalex.org/W2108044989","https://openalex.org/W2108718331","https://openalex.org/W2111959260","https://openalex.org/W2113737049","https://openalex.org/W2114488753","https://openalex.org/W2114904736","https://openalex.org/W2115805053","https://openalex.org/W2116959483","https://openalex.org/W2117916530","https://openalex.org/W2119790985","https://openalex.org/W2121319738","https://openalex.org/W2124790232","https://openalex.org/W2128223653","https://openalex.org/W2134457811","https://openalex.org/W2140607870","https://openalex.org/W2141619324","https://openalex.org/W2142284380","https://openalex.org/W2143746544","https://openalex.org/W2146638509","https://openalex.org/W2148245038","https://openalex.org/W2148360183","https://openalex.org/W2148784347","https://openalex.org/W2155300340","https://openalex.org/W2158488933","https://openalex.org/W2167775808","https://openalex.org/W2168029489","https://openalex.org/W2170438086","https://openalex.org/W2206746226","https://openalex.org/W2269968460","https://openalex.org/W2274722622","https://openalex.org/W2279133792","https://openalex.org/W2283766515","https://openalex.org/W2302510500","https://openalex.org/W2315657536","https://openalex.org/W2342945504","https://openalex.org/W2403974523","https://openalex.org/W2407186088","https://openalex.org/W2407292101","https://openalex.org/W2410430232","https://openalex.org/W2410725562","https://openalex.org/W2410863369","https://openalex.org/W2416850431","https://openalex.org/W2417990590","https://openalex.org/W2427182044","https://openalex.org/W2437062781","https://openalex.org/W2461555840","https://openalex.org/W4367363094"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2802366526","https://openalex.org/W2118238661","https://openalex.org/W7202144439","https://openalex.org/W4284898476","https://openalex.org/W1975799194","https://openalex.org/W2150955710","https://openalex.org/W2568121934","https://openalex.org/W1988657357","https://openalex.org/W2149596332","https://openalex.org/W2808020555"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"Systematic":[1],"review":[2,73],"of":[3,5,11,38,49,110,149,165,204,250,256,262,280,300,320,322,355,357],"outcomes":[4],"three":[6,308],"treatments":[7],"for":[8,228],"osteoarthritis":[9],"(OA)":[10],"the":[12,20,108,130,150,194,254,281,301,318,323,326,351,358],"knee:":[13],"intra-articular":[14],"viscosupplementation;":[15],"oral":[16],"glucosamine,":[17],"chondroitin":[18],"or":[19,25,92,213,240],"combination;":[21],"and":[22,56,66,87,123,145,260,366],"arthroscopic":[23,237],"lavage":[24,238],"debridement.":[26,297],"DATA":[27],"SOURCES:":[28],"We":[29,82,105],"abstracted":[30],"data":[31],"from:":[32],"42":[33],"randomized,":[34],"controlled":[35],"trials":[36,97,116],"(RCTs)":[37],"viscosupplementation,":[39],"all":[40,111],"but":[41,129,193],"one":[42],"synthesized":[43,52],"among":[44,53],"six":[45],"meta-analyses;":[46,55],"21":[47],"RCTs":[48,88],"glucosamine/chondroitin,":[50],"16":[51],"6":[54],"23":[57],"articles":[58],"on":[59,121,132,207,275,361],"arthroscopy.":[60],"The":[61,72,153,224,247,283,307],"search":[62],"included":[63],"foreign-language":[64],"studies":[65,203,272],"relevant":[67],"conference":[68],"proceedings.":[69],"REVIEW":[70],"METHODS:":[71],"methods":[74],"were":[75,98],"defined":[76],"prospectively":[77],"in":[78,90,93,191,311,317],"a":[79,159,230,257,265,304],"written":[80],"protocol.":[81],"sought":[83,101],"systematic":[84],"reviews,":[85],"meta-analyses,":[86],"published":[89],"full":[91],"abstract.":[94],"Where":[95],"randomized":[96],"few,":[99],"we":[100],"other":[102],"study":[103,286],"designs.":[104],"independently":[106],"assessed":[107],"quality":[109],"primary":[112],"studies.":[113],"RESULTS:":[114],"Viscosupplementation":[115],"generally":[117],"report":[118,313],"positive":[119],"effects":[120],"pain":[122],"function":[124],"scores":[125],"compared":[126,173],"to":[127,138,174,181,199,245,294,364],"placebo,":[128],"evidence":[131,195,227,329],"clinical":[133,147,334,338],"benefit":[134,339],"is":[135,196,303],"uncertain,":[136],"due":[137],"variable":[139],"trial":[140,252,291],"quality,":[141],"potential":[142],"publication":[143],"bias,":[144],"unclear":[146],"significance":[148],"changes":[151],"reported.":[152],"Glucosamine/Chondroitin":[154],"Arthritis":[155],"Intervention":[156],"Trial":[157],"(GAIT),":[158],"large":[160],"(n=1,583),":[161],"high-quality,":[162],"National":[163],"Institutes":[164],"Health-funded,":[166],"multicenter":[167,346],"RCT":[168,233],"showed":[169,235],"no":[170],"significant":[171],"difference":[172],"placebo.":[175,246],"Glucosamine":[176],"sulfate":[177],"has":[178],"been":[179],"reported":[180,273],"be":[182,341,369],"more":[183],"effective":[184],"than":[185],"glucosamine":[186,205],"hydrochloride,":[187],"which":[188],"was":[189,243,287],"used":[190,316],"GAIT,":[192],"not":[197,331],"sufficient":[198],"draw":[200],"conclusions.":[201],"Clinical":[202],"effect":[206],"glucose":[208],"metabolism":[209],"are":[210,253,314],"short":[211],"term,":[212],"if":[214],"longer":[215],"(e.g.,":[216],"3":[217],"years),":[218],"excluded":[219],"patients":[220,263,276],"with":[221,239,277,296],"metabolic":[222],"disorders.":[223],"best":[225,327],"available":[226,328],"arthroscopy,":[229],"single":[231,258,266],"sham-controlled":[232],"(n=180),":[234],"that":[236],"without":[241],"debridement":[242],"equivalent":[244],"main":[248],"limitations":[249],"this":[251,312],"use":[255],"surgeon":[259],"enrollment":[261],"at":[264],"Veterans":[267],"Affairs":[268],"Medical":[269],"Center.":[270],"No":[271],"separately":[274],"secondary":[278],"OA":[279,321,356],"knee.":[282],"only":[284,343],"comparative":[285],"an":[288],"underpowered,":[289],"poor-quality":[290],"comparing":[292],"viscosupplementation":[293],"arthroscopy":[295],"CONCLUSIONS:":[298],"Osteoarthritis":[299],"knee":[302],"common":[305],"condition.":[306],"interventions":[309],"reviewed":[310],"widely":[315],"treatment":[319,367],"knee,":[324,359],"yet":[325],"does":[330],"clearly":[332],"demonstrate":[333],"benefit.":[335],"Uncertainty":[336],"regarding":[337],"can":[340],"resolved":[342],"by":[344],"rigorous,":[345],"RCTs.":[347],"In":[348],"addition,":[349],"given":[350,370],"public":[352],"health":[353],"impact":[354],"research":[360],"new":[362],"approaches":[363],"prevention":[365],"should":[368],"high":[371],"priority.":[372]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
