{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1823433809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v048n04p20","title":"Alternate-year walnut pruning can boost yields, cut cost","display_name":"Alternate-year walnut pruning can boost yields, cut cost","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1823433809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v048n04p20","mag":"1823433809"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3733/ca.v048n04p20","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v048n04p20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v048n04p20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156283932","display_name":"California Agriculture","issn_l":"0008-0845","issn":["0008-0845","2160-8091"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316178","host_organization_name":"University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316178","https://openalex.org/P4310316177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources","University of California"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"California Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v048n04p20","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111999342","display_name":"William H. Olson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Olson","raw_affiliation_strings":["William H. Olson is Farm Advisor, Butte County Cooperative Extension"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"William H. Olson is Farm Advisor, Butte County Cooperative Extension","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040453049","display_name":"David E. Ramos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-2449","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-2449"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Ramos","raw_affiliation_strings":["David E. Ramos is Walnut Specialist, Department of Pomoloa, UC Davis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David E. Ramos is Walnut Specialist, Department of Pomoloa, UC Davis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010100106","display_name":"Ronald G. Snyder","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald G. Snyder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ronald G. Snyder, is Staff Research Associate in the Department of Pomoloa, UC Davis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ronald G. Snyder, is Staff Research Associate in the Department of Pomoloa, UC Davis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"4","first_page":"20","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11546","display_name":"Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11546","display_name":"Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/walnut","display_name":"Juglans regia","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nut-yield","display_name":"nut yield","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nut-size","display_name":"nut size","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-penetration","display_name":"light penetration","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"canopy","score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchard-management","display_name":"orchard management","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning-costs","display_name":"pruning costs","score":0.6259999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.8654358386993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780753983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236371","display_name":"Orchard","level":2,"score":0.7758150100708008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.6395102739334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5231131911277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4463191330432892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776216236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216944","display_name":"Juglandaceae","level":3,"score":0.42117559909820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48508581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4675074","display_name":"Acre","level":2,"score":0.41222625970840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.4064335227012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3830835521221161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.29381710290908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2547013759613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779276392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904653","display_name":"Fruit tree","level":2,"score":0.22777867317199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3733/ca.v048n04p20","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v048n04p20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v048n04p20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156283932","display_name":"California Agriculture","issn_l":"0008-0845","issn":["0008-0845","2160-8091"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316178","host_organization_name":"University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316178","https://openalex.org/P4310316177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources","University of California"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"California Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:09266a03ab2549c59085166e6925562d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/09266a03ab2549c59085166e6925562d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"California Agriculture, Vol 48, Iss 4, Pp 20-23 (1994)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:53ed6b33d9da494eb8d97aadb6beee44","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/53ed6b33d9da494eb8d97aadb6beee44","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"California Agriculture, Vol 48, Iss 4 (1994)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3733/ca.v048n04p20","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v048n04p20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v048n04p20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156283932","display_name":"California Agriculture","issn_l":"0008-0845","issn":["0008-0845","2160-8091"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316178","host_organization_name":"University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316178","https://openalex.org/P4310316177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources","University of California"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"California Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6875}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152492925","https://openalex.org/W1498679737","https://openalex.org/W2148645556","https://openalex.org/W2913537069","https://openalex.org/W2187933502","https://openalex.org/W2154044191","https://openalex.org/W2329078692","https://openalex.org/W2566502291","https://openalex.org/W1814145580","https://openalex.org/W2338824564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Annual":[0],"pruning":[1,13,57,73,104,109,121],"was":[2,105,122],"compared":[3],"to":[4,10,78],"nonpruning":[5],"for":[6,15,80],"8":[7],"years":[8,17],"and":[9,29,38,82],"two":[11],"alternate-year":[12],"treatments":[14],"4":[16],"in":[18,45,49,75,86],"a":[19],"mature,":[20],"full-canopied":[21],"\u2018Ashley\u2019":[22],"walnut":[23],"orchard.":[24],"Pruning":[25],"increased":[26],"light":[27],"penetration":[28],"subsequent":[30],"nut":[31],"distribution":[32],"throughout":[33],"the":[34,87,102,111,118],"canopy.":[35],"Nut":[36],"size":[37],"percent":[39],"edible":[40],"kernel":[41],"wen?":[42],"consistently":[43],"lower":[44],"nonpruned":[46,65,81,99],"trees":[47,50,66,85,93,100],"than":[48,96],"pruned":[51,84,92],"annually":[52,83,97],"or":[53,98],"biennially.":[54],"However,":[55],"annual":[56],"did":[58],"not":[59,106],"improve":[60],"yield":[61],"over":[62],"that":[63],"of":[64,120],"because":[67],"fruitful":[68],"spurs":[69],"were":[70],"removed.":[71],"Alternate-year":[72,108],"resulted":[74],"yields":[76],"comparable":[77],"those":[79],"year":[88,103],"following":[89],"pruning.":[90],"Biennially":[91],"yielded":[94],"more":[95],"during":[101],"performed.":[107],"produced":[110],"highest":[112],"income":[113],"per":[114],"acre":[115],"even":[116],"when":[117],"cost":[119],"considered.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}