{"id":"https://openalex.org/W18228629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13182/nse00-a2106","title":"Two-Dimensional Discrete Ordinates Photon Transport Calculations for Brachytherapy Dosimetry Applications","display_name":"Two-Dimensional Discrete Ordinates Photon Transport Calculations for Brachytherapy Dosimetry Applications","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W18228629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13182/nse00-a2106","mag":"18228629"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.13182/nse00-a2106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13182/nse00-a2106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13182/nse00-a2106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117777261","display_name":"Nuclear Science and Engineering","issn_l":"0029-5639","issn":["0029-5639","1943-748X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012134992","display_name":"George M. Daskalov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George M. Daskalov","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council of Canada, IRS/INMS, 1500 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council of Canada, IRS/INMS, 1500 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103499959","display_name":"Randal S. Baker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randal S. Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop D409, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop D409, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068317323","display_name":"Robert Little","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-2475","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-2475"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert C. Little","raw_affiliation_strings":["Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014047179","display_name":"D. W. O. Rogers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2730-7179","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2730-7179"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David W. O. Rogers","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council of Canada, IRS/INMS, 1500 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council of Canada, IRS/INMS, 1500 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032752677","display_name":"Jeffrey F. Williamson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8559-2436","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8559-2436"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey F. Williamson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington University Medical School, Radiation Oncology Physics 510 S. Kingshighway Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington University Medical School, Radiation Oncology Physics 510 S. Kingshighway Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63110","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8468,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89014414,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"134","issue":"2","first_page":"121","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.8637999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.8637999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.048900000751018524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11176","display_name":"Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry","score":0.02370000071823597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-ordinates-method","display_name":"discrete ordinates method","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brachytherapy-dosimetry","display_name":"brachytherapy dosimetry","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-transport","display_name":"light transport","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multigroup-cross-section-libraries","display_name":"multigroup cross-section libraries","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-effects","display_name":"ray effects","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-functions","display_name":"weight functions","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-simulation-comparison","display_name":"Monte Carlo comparison","score":0.5899999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.8319942951202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178639098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288","display_name":"Kerma","level":3,"score":0.7464619874954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6828368902206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.6137286424636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.544442355632782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777984123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9248237","display_name":"Pointwise","level":2,"score":0.49141132831573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75088862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2291081","display_name":"Dosimetry","level":2,"score":0.4388415515422821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.43294280767440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4134674370288849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2897348403930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1771986186504364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.17533981800079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1712091863155365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.12258058786392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09101566672325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.13182/nse00-a2106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13182/nse00-a2106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13182/nse00-a2106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117777261","display_name":"Nuclear Science and Engineering","issn_l":"0029-5639","issn":["0029-5639","1943-748X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.7200000286102295}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34385252","https://openalex.org/W52575081","https://openalex.org/W86738504","https://openalex.org/W232802423","https://openalex.org/W238529708","https://openalex.org/W249796257","https://openalex.org/W1506877801","https://openalex.org/W1549057003","https://openalex.org/W1583515380","https://openalex.org/W1973285411","https://openalex.org/W1974045048","https://openalex.org/W1977858796","https://openalex.org/W1989712256","https://openalex.org/W2022748029","https://openalex.org/W2027077144","https://openalex.org/W2064057265","https://openalex.org/W2068661005","https://openalex.org/W2073116238","https://openalex.org/W2085939268","https://openalex.org/W2152342464","https://openalex.org/W2330318072","https://openalex.org/W2592599483","https://openalex.org/W4388339978"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043566543","https://openalex.org/W2015619127","https://openalex.org/W2090216096","https://openalex.org/W7030098319","https://openalex.org/W7053203072","https://openalex.org/W1965956337","https://openalex.org/W7167645852","https://openalex.org/W1988953971","https://openalex.org/W2000332819","https://openalex.org/W2801224657"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,73,115,135,186,204],"DANTSYS":[1,113,118,158,208],"discrete":[2,21,240],"ordinates":[3,241],"computer":[4],"code":[5],"system":[6],"is":[7,96,142,196,209],"applied":[8],"to":[9,29,124,133,144,176,184,198],"quantitative":[10],"estimation":[11],"of":[12,20,44,66,117,148,191,211,233],"water":[13,42],"kerma":[14,179],"rate":[15],"distributions":[16],"in":[17,26,32,40,52,92,215],"the":[18,27,120,139,146,149,154,171,192,224],"vicinity":[19],"photon":[22,81,87,213],"sources":[23,38],"with":[24,64,79,101,119,160,219],"energies":[25],"20-":[28],"800-keV":[30],"range":[31,95],"two-dimensional":[33],"cylindrical":[34,41],"r-z":[35],"geometry.":[36],"Unencapsulated":[37],"immersed":[39],"phantoms":[43,55],"40-cm":[45,48],"diameter":[46],"and":[47,61,68,98,169,222,228],"height":[49],"are":[50,77,236],"modeled":[51],"either":[53],"homogeneous":[54],"or":[56],"shielded":[57],"by":[58],"Ti,":[59],"Fe,":[60],"Pb":[62],"filters":[63],"thicknesses":[65],"1":[67],"2":[69],"mean":[70],"free":[71],"paths.":[72],"obtained":[74],"dose":[75],"results":[76,205],"compared":[78],"corresponding":[80],"Monte":[82,125,177,220],"Carlo":[83,126,178,221],"simulations.":[84],"A":[85],"210-group":[86,163],"cross-section":[88,226],"library":[89,105,122,156,164,227],"for":[90,112,138,153,201,231,238],"applications":[91],"this":[93],"energy":[94],"developed":[97,106],"applied,":[99],"together":[100],"a":[102,161],"general-purpose":[103],"42-group":[104,121,155],"at":[107],"Los":[108],"Alamos":[109],"National":[110],"Laboratory,":[111],"calculations.":[114,203],"accuracy":[116,167],"relative":[123,175],"exhibits":[127],"large":[128],"pointwise":[129],"fluctuations":[130],"from":[131,182],"\u201342":[132],"+84%.":[134],"major":[136],"cause":[137],"observed":[140],"discrepancies":[141],"determined":[143],"be":[145,199],"inadequacy":[147],"weighting":[150],"function":[151,195],"used":[152],"derivation.":[157],"simulations":[159],"finer":[162],"show":[165],"excellent":[166],"on":[168],"off":[170],"source":[172],"transverse":[173],"plane":[174],"calculations,":[180],"varying":[181],"\u20134.9":[183],"3.7%.":[185],"P3":[187],"Legendre":[188],"polynomial":[189],"expansion":[190],"angular":[193],"scattering":[194],"shown":[197],"sufficient":[200],"accurate":[202,239],"demonstrate":[206],"that":[207,223],"capable":[210],"calculating":[212],"doses":[214],"very":[216],"good":[217],"agreement":[218],"multigroup":[225],"efficient":[229],"techniques":[230],"mitigation":[232],"ray":[234],"effects":[235],"critical":[237],"implementation.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
