{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1820732149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/13639510310503541","title":"Variability in the organizational structure of contemporary campus law enforcement agencies","display_name":"Variability in the organizational structure of contemporary campus law enforcement agencies","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1820732149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/13639510310503541","mag":"1820732149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/13639510310503541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/13639510310503541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/13639510310503541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169472","display_name":"Policing An International Journal","issn_l":"1363-951X","issn":["1363-951X","1758-695X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies &amp; Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2000/1471","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047187830","display_name":"Eugene A. Paoline","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9483-8629","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9483-8629"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene A. Paoline","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Criminal Justice and Legal Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Criminal Justice and Legal Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082135665","display_name":"John J. Sloan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-2162","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-2162"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John J. Sloan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Justice Sciences and Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Justice Sciences and Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30444549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4","first_page":"612","last_page":"639"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/campus-police","display_name":"campus police","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-structure","display_name":"organizational structure","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-organizational-structure","display_name":"police organizational structure","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-theory","display_name":"institutional theory","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-variation","display_name":"organizational variation","score":0.49399998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.6836451292037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6617758274078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759524","display_name":"Organizational structure","level":2,"score":0.6603107452392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4690967798233032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.4219544231891632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4121052026748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3778148293495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3690558969974518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2518201470375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1508592665195465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.05902472138404846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/13639510310503541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/13639510310503541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/13639510310503541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169472","display_name":"Policing An International Journal","issn_l":"1363-951X","issn":["1363-951X","1758-695X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies &amp; Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:stars.library.ucf.edu:scopus2000-2470","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2000/1471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172555","display_name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","issn_l":"2576-0017","issn":["2576-0017","2576-0025"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus Export 2000s","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:stars.library.ucf.edu:scopus2000-2470","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2000/1471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172555","display_name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","issn_l":"2576-0017","issn":["2576-0017","2576-0025"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus Export 2000s","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69491277","https://openalex.org/W82255360","https://openalex.org/W118617780","https://openalex.org/W142765826","https://openalex.org/W1502349237","https://openalex.org/W1557717339","https://openalex.org/W1575646066","https://openalex.org/W1965278510","https://openalex.org/W1976937138","https://openalex.org/W1987726704","https://openalex.org/W1990269359","https://openalex.org/W1990452069","https://openalex.org/W1990593669","https://openalex.org/W1993663609","https://openalex.org/W1995159344","https://openalex.org/W1996369735","https://openalex.org/W2000003205","https://openalex.org/W2002849094","https://openalex.org/W2006453499","https://openalex.org/W2007109879","https://openalex.org/W2013097679","https://openalex.org/W2013163264","https://openalex.org/W2015491658","https://openalex.org/W2017716155","https://openalex.org/W2019289279","https://openalex.org/W2022770214","https://openalex.org/W2030647574","https://openalex.org/W2032350976","https://openalex.org/W2037339458","https://openalex.org/W2037879939","https://openalex.org/W2042558206","https://openalex.org/W2047147601","https://openalex.org/W2065739141","https://openalex.org/W2073500018","https://openalex.org/W2078233276","https://openalex.org/W2080253658","https://openalex.org/W2081385464","https://openalex.org/W2154700690","https://openalex.org/W2162692187","https://openalex.org/W2315916750","https://openalex.org/W2323177869","https://openalex.org/W2329717903","https://openalex.org/W2461932688","https://openalex.org/W2594831654","https://openalex.org/W2795844506","https://openalex.org/W3123282572","https://openalex.org/W4213449113","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4399220975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7138923271","https://openalex.org/W3215351477","https://openalex.org/W4281662254","https://openalex.org/W1990982613","https://openalex.org/W1974579875","https://openalex.org/W2965133078","https://openalex.org/W2006453499","https://openalex.org/W2058513483","https://openalex.org/W2130999635","https://openalex.org/W1592429470"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Descriptive":[0],"analyses":[1],"of":[2,26,37,57,74,89,97,131],"campus":[3,58,81,120],"police":[4,59,82,91,98,133],"agencies":[5,83,92,121],"reveal":[6],"that":[7,24,80,126],"agencies\u2019":[8],"tactical":[9],"and":[10,61,66,101,136],"operational":[11],"features":[12],"are":[13,53,127],"similar":[14,128],"to":[15,118,129],"those":[16,130],"found":[17],"in":[18,44,70,108,111],"municipal":[19,90,132],"agencies.":[20,76],"The":[21,77,116],"problem":[22],"is":[23,134],"none":[25],"these":[27,38],"studies":[28],"have":[29,122],"examined,":[30],"using":[31],"multivariate":[32],"models,":[33],"the":[34,54,71,75,85,112],"structural":[35,72,87,114],"characteristics":[36,56,88,104],"organizations.":[39],"Using":[40],"LEMAS":[41],"data":[42],"collected":[43],"1995,":[45],"this":[46],"study":[47],"answered":[48],"two":[49],"main":[50],"questions:":[51],"what":[52,62],"organizational":[55,99,124],"agencies;":[60],"factors,":[63],"both":[64],"internal":[65,102],"external,":[67],"explain":[68],"variation":[69,110],"dimensions":[73],"results":[78],"indicated":[79],"possess":[84],"same":[86],"identified":[93],"by":[94],"40":[95],"years":[96],"research,":[100],"agency":[103],"were":[105],"most":[106],"important":[107],"explaining":[109],"organizations\u2019":[113],"dimensions.":[115],"degree":[117],"which":[119],"adopted":[123],"structures":[125],"discussed":[135],"framed":[137],"within":[138],"an":[139],"institutional":[140],"perspective.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
