{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1820535083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4546","title":"Integration Of Markets Vs. Integration By Agreements","display_name":"Integration Of Markets Vs. Integration By Agreements","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1820535083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4546","mag":"1820535083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1596/1813-9450-4546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1103365","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063162528","display_name":"Nathalie Aminian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141576021","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Le Havre Normandie","ror":"https://ror.org/05v509s40","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141576021","https://openalex.org/I4210105918"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathalie Aminian","raw_affiliation_strings":["","University of Le Havre, France,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Le Havre, France,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141576021"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102172067","display_name":"K. C. Fung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.C. Fung","raw_affiliation_strings":["","World Bank;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Bank;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011661569","display_name":"Francis Ng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55633929","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/02md09461","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["","The World Bank Development Research Group Trade Team"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The World Bank Development Research Group Trade Team","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.7002000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.7002000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13352","display_name":"International Relations in Latin America","score":0.21080000698566437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14349","display_name":"Global Political and Economic Relations","score":0.05040000006556511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-economic-integration","display_name":"regional economic integration","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-integration","display_name":"market integration","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-trade-agreements","display_name":"regional trade agreements","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/east-asia","display_name":"East Asia","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latin-america","display_name":"Latin America","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-liberalization","display_name":"trade liberalization","score":0.640999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.48163217306137085}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1596/1813-9450-4546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:4546","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/03/04/000158349_20080304084358/Rendered/PDF/wps4546.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/03/04/000158349_20080304084358/Rendered/PDF/wps4546.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:3123457893","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1103365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025446649","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-4546","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/6562","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3123457893","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1103365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W124510890","https://openalex.org/W1514201863","https://openalex.org/W1540029125","https://openalex.org/W1579138351","https://openalex.org/W2036624857","https://openalex.org/W2048297419","https://openalex.org/W2099542753","https://openalex.org/W2114717863","https://openalex.org/W2161792108","https://openalex.org/W2261138327","https://openalex.org/W2798978973","https://openalex.org/W2924066285","https://openalex.org/W3122817164","https://openalex.org/W3125766664","https://openalex.org/W3149495540","https://openalex.org/W4299303968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967725327","https://openalex.org/W4252053282","https://openalex.org/W2505455107","https://openalex.org/W3014413191","https://openalex.org/W4238125272","https://openalex.org/W6989607171","https://openalex.org/W2048079145","https://openalex.org/W587208572","https://openalex.org/W2280567440","https://openalex.org/W3162872328"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"provides":[2],"an":[3],"analysis":[4],"of":[5,9,33,43,85,92,120],"the":[6,38,41,68,82,89,117,164,169],"two":[7,27,45],"channels":[8],"regional":[10,78,94,133,137],"integration:":[11],"integration":[12,16],"via":[13,17,58,127,131,148],"markets":[14,59,128,149],"and":[15,23,114,129],"agreements.":[18,135],"Given":[19],"that":[20],"East":[21,53,99],"Asia":[22,54,100],"Latin":[24,70,107],"America":[25],"are":[26,48],"fertile":[28],"regions":[29],"where":[30],"both":[31],"forms":[32],"integrations":[34,121],"have":[35],"taken":[36],"place,":[37],"authors":[39],"examine":[40],"experiences":[42],"these":[44],"areas.":[46],"There":[47],"four":[49],"related":[50],"results.":[51],"First,":[52],"had":[55],"been":[56],"integrating":[57,126,147],"long":[60],"before":[61],"formal":[62,77,93,132],"agreements":[63,139],"were":[64],"in":[65,67],"vogue":[66],"region.":[69],"America,":[71],"by":[72],"contrast,":[73],"has":[74],"primarily":[75],"used":[76],"trade":[79,95,115,134,138],"treaties":[80,96],"as":[81],"main":[83],"channel":[84],"integration.":[86],"Second,":[87],"despite":[88],"relative":[90],"lack":[91],"until":[97],"recently,":[98],"is":[101,154],"more":[102],"integrated":[103],"among":[104],"itself":[105],"than":[106],"America.":[108],"Third,":[109],"from":[110],"a":[111],"purely":[112],"economic":[113],"standpoint,":[116],"proper":[118],"sequence":[119],"seems":[122],"to":[123,163],"be":[124,152],"first":[125,150],"subsequently":[130],"Fourth,":[136],"often":[140],"serve":[141],"multiple":[142],"constituents.":[143],"The":[144],"reason":[145],"why":[146],"can":[151,157],"helpful":[153],"because":[155],"this":[156],"give":[158],"stronger":[159],"political":[160],"bargaining":[161],"power":[162],"outward-looking":[165],"economic-oriented":[166],"forces":[167],"within":[168],"country":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}